STUDY TIME

POLITICAL SCIENCE

PRACTICE QUESTION PAPER SOLVED

(2022-23)

CLASS-XI

TIME: 3 Hours.                                                           M.M.-80

Instruction:

(1) There are total 30 questions in this question paper. All questions are compulsory.

(2) Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of 1 mark each.

(3) Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 50 words.

(4) Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 100 words.

(5) Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and picture based questions. Answer accordingly.

(6) Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 170 words.

(7) There is an internal choice in the questions of 6 marks.

1 MARKS QUESTIONS

Question 1. When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights made?

A.10 December 1947

B.10 December 1948

C.10 December 1949

D.10 December 1950

Answer. B.10 December 1948

Question 2. Which of the following statements is incorrect with regard to parliamentary system of government?

A. Prime Minister exercises real powers.

B. President is the ruler in name only.

C.There is collective responsibility.

D.The President is directly elected by the people.

Answer. D.The President is directly elected by the people.

Question 3. Which of these cases can be heard directly in the Supreme Court?

A.Difference between state and state.

B.Differences between the State and the Centre.

C.Fundamental Rights.

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE.

Answer. D. ALL OF THE ABOVE.

Question 4. The real freedom for me is freedom from fear. Without being free from fear, you cannot live a human life with dignity. Which of these people has this statement?

A.Nelson Mandela

B.Aung San Suu Kyi

C.Rosa Parks

D.Mahatma Gandhi

Answer. B.Aung San Suu Kyi

Statement Reason Question.

Directions for question number 5 and 6.

In the question given below, two statements are marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose the correct answer from the given options-

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

(C) A is correct but R is incorrect.

(D) A is wrong but R is correct.

Question 5. Statement: Article 25 states that every person has the right to profess and propagate any religious belief.

Reason: State cannot regulate or restrict economic, financial, political other secular activities associated with religious practices.

Answer. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 6. Statement: Rights not only tell what the state is to do, they also tell what the state is not to do.

Reason: If the state wants to put a person behind the bars, then it has to tell its reasons before the court.

Answer. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 7. Which of the following political thinkers is a supporter of positive liberty?

A.Lasky

B. T H Green

C.Adam Smith

D. Rousseau

Answer. A. and B.

Question 8. From which language has the word Justice originated?

A.Latin

B.Greek

C.Arabic

D.Persian

Answer. A.Latin

Question 9. Who is the author of the book The Republic?

A.Aristotle

B.Plato

C.Socrates

D.Rousseau

Answer. B.Plato

Question 10. Which of the following serves as the foundation of a democratic society?

A.rights

B.Duty

C.leader

D.King

Answer. A.rights

Question 11. In which of the following ways can citizenship of India be obtained?

A.by birth

B.by registration

C.by lineage

D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Answer. D. ALL OF THE ABOVE

Question 12. When was the word secular added to the Constitution of India?

A.1975

B.1976

C.1978

D.1980

Answer. B.1976

Question 13. Describe the importance of political theory.

Answer. Political theory helps us to plan for the future as political thinkers are able to decide many things that what is possible in the future. Political theory also works to make people more aware, that's why political theory has its own special importance.

Question 14. Write any two functions of the Election Commission of India.

Answer. The main two bodies of the Election Commission of India are as follows -

1. Declaring the dates of elections.

2. Release of election results.

Question 15. Describe any two efforts of the government to achieve social justice.

Answer. The government makes many efforts to establish social justice, some of which are as follows -

1. Antyodaya card should be made by the government so that more facilities can be given to the poorest of the poor.

2. Many types of special schemes are run for women so that maximum development of women can be possible.

Question 16. Affirmative action promotes equality. Do you agree with this statement?

Answer. Affirmative action means giving special facilities to the deprived sections of the society, such as provision of reservation etc. Because the deprived sections have been left far behind from the mainstream of the society, this affirmative action is very important for them.

Question 17. What do you understand by preventive detention?

Answer. Preventive detention is a step taken by the government in which a person is detained before committing a crime. If the government feels that a person can pose a threat to the security and order of the country, then such a person is put under house arrest.

Question 18. Human rights have become very important in present times. Explain.

Answer. Human rights were declared by the United Nations on 10 December 1948. Human rights have become very important in present times and every country is trying its best to provide human rights to its citizens. Many international organizations publish their reports on the violation of human rights, so every country respects human rights and tries to provide them.

4 marks question

Question 19. What has changed in local government after 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment?

Answer. Indian local government has seen a lot of change after the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments. Some of these changes are as follows

1. After these constitutional amendments, it has become mandatory to hold elections every 5 years.

2. Along with this, provision of reservation has also been made for women and people belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the constituencies.

3. These local government units have now been described in the constitution. Due to which now these local bodies have got constitutional status.

4. After these constitutional amendments, a provision has also been made for the constitution of a State Finance Commission to provide financial help to these local government units.

5. After the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendment, these local bodies have been removed from the state list and some subjects have also been given on which these bodies can work.

Question 20. Explain the main differences between the system of winning the most votes and the system of proportional representation.

Answer. We can understand some major differences between the system of winning the most votes and the proportional representation system in this way -

1. In the system of winning the most votes, the person who gets the most votes is victorious, on the other hand, in the proportional representation system, a certain proportion of votes have to be obtained.

2. In the majority vote system, the voter votes for the representative, while in the proportional representation system, the voter votes for the party.

3. Under the system of winning the most votes, the whole country is divided into small geographical units, which come under constituencies, on the other hand, in the system of proportional representation, the whole area is considered as a single constituency.

4. In the first-place system, one representative from a constituency wins the election, while in the proportional representation system, multiple representatives can be elected from a constituency.

5. Majority vote system is mainly followed in UK and India while proportional representation system is used in countries like Israel and Netherlands.

Question 21. Which fundamental right of the Indian Constitution is the most important and why?

Answer. Although the fundamental rights described in the Indian Constitution are very important, but if we talk about any one important fundamental right, then the most important fundamental right can be called the right to constitutional remedies, because through this fundamental right, all other fundamental rights are guaranteed. is protected and this fundamental right provides protection to the rest of the fundamental rights. Five articles or writs have been described under the right to constitutional remedies which are as follows -

1. Habeas Corpus - Through Habeas Corpus, the court can order any arrested person to be produced before the court and if that person is wrongly arrested, then the court can also order that person to be released. Could

2. Mandamus - This order is issued when the court feels that a public functionary is not following his legal and constitutional obligations and this is affecting the fundamental rights of a person.

3. Prohibition Order - This order is passed by the court when a lower court hears a case by encroaching on its jurisdiction. By this order or writ, the Supreme or High Court restrains the lower court from doing so.

4. Rights Question - This order or writ is issued by the court when the court feels that a person has been appointed to a post on which he has no legal right. By this order, the court restrains that person from working in that position.

5. Articles of transmission - When a lower court or government officer does any work without authority, the court takes the matter under consideration before it and transfers it to the higher court or officer by transmission.

Question 22. What do you understand by secularism? Write the main features of Indian secularism.

Answer. The literal meaning of the word secularism is when no official religion is declared by any state and equal protection and protection are given to the religions of all the people living in the state and opportunities are given for propagation. Some of the salient features of Indian secularism are as follows -

1. In the concept of Indian secularism, a firm policy of non-interference of religion and state in each other's affairs is followed.

2. Our policy of secularism emphasizes equality between different sects of a religion.

3. Equality among different religious communities is one of the main concerns of our policy of secularism.

4. In the concept of Indian secularism, special attention is given to the rights of minorities.

5. The concept of Indian secularism also protects the rights of both individuals and religious communities.

Question 23. What are the main limitations of nationalism? Describe in detail.

Answer. Following are the main limitations of nationalism –

1. Religious diversity weakens the spirit of nationalism to a great extent and breaks the spirit of nationalism among the people.

2. One of the major limitation of nationalism is the emergence of the feeling of regionalism. When people of a particular region want to pay more attention to their particular region, then nationalism gradually starts to weaken.

3. Economic inequality also weakens the feeling of nationalism. When there is unequal economic development of some areas in a country, then the feeling of nationalism becomes weak.

4. When there is a decline of moral values ​​in a country, then the feeling of nationalism also starts to end.

5. It has also been seen as a major limitation of nationalism that language plays an equal role in uniting and dividing the nation.

6. If a better education system is not established in a country, then the feeling of nationalism becomes like a dream and gradually the nation starts going towards downfall.

Question 24. Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on it:

The Constitution of India formally vests the executive powers of the Union in the President. But in reality the President exercises these powers through the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. The President is elected for 5 years. There is no direct election by the people for the post of President. The President is elected indirectly. This means that the President is not elected by the common citizens but by the elected MLAs and MPs. This election is held according to the proportional representation system and the single transferable principle.

1. Which of the following takes part in the election of the President?

A.MLA

B.MP

C.Sarpanch

D. Both A and B.

Answer. D. Both A and B.

2. What is the minimum age fixed for the post of President?

A.30

B.35

C.40

D.25

Answer. B.35

3. Who is the head of the federal executive in India?

A. President

B. Prime Minister

C.Vice President

D.Chief Justice

Answer. A. President

4. How many years has been fixed for the term of the President?

A.5

B.6

C.7

D.10

Answer. A.5

Question 25. Study the given cartoon carefully and answer the questions based on it.

1. The above picture is related to which concept?

A. Freedom

B.equality

C.justice

D. rights

Answer. B.equality

2. Right to equality is mentioned in which article in the constitution of India?

A.14-18

B.19-22

C.23-24

D.25-28

Answer. A.14-18

3. Which class of people have still not been able to get the right to equality in some areas in India?

A.merchant

B. educated

C.Scheduled castes and tribes

D. general category

Answer. C.Scheduled castes and tribes

4. What efforts should the government make to establish equality?

A. Affirmative Action

B. Differential Behavior

C. equal opportunity

D. All three of the above.

Answer. D. All three of the above.

Question 26. Study the following figure carefully and answer the questions based on it.

1. To which country does the woman shown in the picture belong?

A.Nepal

B.Bhutan

C.Myanmar

D.Maldives

Answer. C.Myanmar

2. Identify the leader shown in the above picture.

A. Aung San Suu Kyi

B. Sharmila

C. Rosa Parks

D.Malala Yousafzai

Answer. A. Aung San Suu Kyi

3. Which book is written by the leader shown in the above picture?

A. Freedom From Fear

B. A long walk to freedom

C.Hind Swaraj

D. Beyond the Freedom

Answer. A. Freedom From Fear

4. What has been told by the leader shown in the above picture to be most important for living a dignified human life?

A. Freedom from fear

B. freedom from greed

C. freedom from envy

D. freedom from inequality

Answer. A. Freedom from fear

6 marks question

Question 27. Describe the salient features of the Indian Constitution.

Answer. Some of the salient features of the Indian Constitution are as follows -

1. The Constitution of India is the largest written constitution in the world. The main feature of the Indian Constitution is that it is the largest written constitution in the world.

2. The main feature of the Indian Constitution is that the federal system of government has been adopted in our constitution.

3. One of the features of the Indian Constitution is that fundamental rights have been arranged in it and six fundamental rights have been provided to every Indian.

4. The constitution of India is a mixture of rigid and flexible constitution i.e. Indian constitution is neither more rigid nor more flexible.

5. The provision of single citizenship has been made in the Indian Constitution, which means that every Indian will get only one citizenship.

6. A feature of the Indian Constitution is that it describes the Directive Principles of State Policy so that the State can run an ideal governance system.

7. One of the main features of the Indian Constitution is that an independent and supreme judiciary has been arranged in it.

8. The main feature of the Indian constitution is that adult franchise has been adopted under it, that is, every Indian who has been engaged will have the right to vote.

Or

Describe the elements showing the unitary features of the Indian Constitution.

Answer. Federal system of government has been adopted in India and there is division of powers. Central government, state government and local governments have been arranged in India so that the division of powers can be done in a better way. Despite this, there are some such provisions in the Indian Constitution which prove that the Union Government is more powerful than the State Governments in India. Some of the main provisions are as follows -

1. The division of subjects in India is done through three lists known as the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List. Of all these, the most important subjects have been included in the subjects of the Union List, which shows that the Union Government is more important.

2. Apart from these three lists of subjects, whenever a law has to be made on a new subject, which is known as a residuary subject, only the Central Government can make a law on it.

3. Both the State Government and the Central Government can make laws on the subject of the Concurrent List, but if both the State Government and the Central Government make laws on any subject of the Concurrent List, then only the law made by the Central Government is valid.

4. The power to amend the Indian Constitution has been given to the Parliament, only in some subjects the consent of the states is necessary, apart from this, the power to amend all the subjects has been given to the Parliament, which shows the power of the Center.

5. The officers appointed through All India Service are under the control of the Central Government and these officers are appointed in any state of India. All these officers follow the instructions of the Central Government.

6. The appointment of governors in the states also empowers the central government. The governor is appointed by the president and provides various information to the government. Sometimes the governor is also called the agent of the central government.

7. Through Article 249 of the Indian Constitution, if the Rajya Sabha declares the subject of any state list as important, then only the Parliament has the right to make laws on it.

Question 28. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment is also known as the Mini Constitution. Explain the statement.

Answer. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment is also known as the Mini Constitution because a huge amount of changes were made in the Constitution through this amendment. Some of the major changes made through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment are as follows –

1. The Directive Principles of State Policy were also changed through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment and some new Directive Principles were added.

2. The Fundamental Duties were included in the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment.

3. Through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, the tenure of the Lok Sabha was increased from 5 years to 6 years, which was later again reduced to 5 years.

4. The words secular, socialist and integrity were included in the preamble of the constitution through the 42nd constitutional amendment.

5. Through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, it was also decided that the President would be bound to accept the advice of the Council of Ministers.

6. Through this constitutional amendment, the Parliament was given the right to decide which post would be the post of profit.

In this way, the 42nd Constitutional Amendment was a very big constitutional amendment and many provisions were changed through it, that is why this constitutional amendment is called the applicable constitution.

Or

Question. Describe the theory of justice of John Rawls.

Answer. John Rawls has supported the theory of distributive justice in the present times, he has propounded his theory in his famous book "A Theory of Justice". John Rawls has supported liberal democracy on the one hand through his theory of justice, while on the other hand he has also protected the interests of the weaker sections of the society. John Rawls believes that the establishment of a perfect society is not possible without justice. We can understand John Rawls's theory of justice in this way-

1. According to John Rawls, the first principle of justice states that all individuals should have basic freedom for the development of their personality. Therefore all people should have equal rights.

2. John Rawls believes that the capitalist system should be supported and equality of opportunities should be emphasized.

3. In the theory of justice of John Rawls, it has also been emphasized that redistribution of income is essential. He believes that in order to face the crisis on the capitalist system, the principle of redistribution of income should be adopted. John Rawls believes that market economy should be based on social justice for which redistribution of income is absolutely necessary.

Question 29. Describe the special powers of the President in India.

Answer. Although the President in India plays the role of a formal head, but it would be wrong to say that the President does not have any kind of special rights. The President has also got many types of special rights which we can understand through the following points –

1. Constitutionally the President has the right to receive information on all matters of importance and proceedings of the Council of Ministers. It is the duty of the Prime Minister to provide all the information sought by the President.

2. The President also has a privilege that he can return any bill passed by the Parliament and ask for reconsideration. In this process the President exercises his discretion. However, once again the President cannot return any bill and he has to sign it.

3. The President also has a privilege that he can delay the return of the bill passed by the Parliament or can also use the pocket veto. This means that for how long the President can keep any bill with him and for this there is no time limit in the constitution. This type of procedure was adopted by the President of India, Giani Zail Singh in the year 1986.

4. The description of a prerogative power of the President, we also see here that when no political party gets majority in the Lok Sabha, then in such a situation, the President using his discretion can appoint any such person as the Prime Minister. On whom he believes that he can prove his majority later. In this situation, the President can appoint any person as the Prime Minister. This type of situation has arisen many times since 1989 in India.

Or

Describe the powers and functions of the Prime Minister.

Answer. Appointment of the Prime Minister - In India, the Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who appoints the leader of the political party as the Prime Minister after the Lok Sabha elections. If any political party does not get the majority in the Lok Sabha elections, then in such a situation, the President can appoint any such person as the Prime Minister, who can prove the majority later. Normally the term of the Prime Minister is 5 years but the Lok Sabha can be dissolved at any time, so it does not have a fixed term. Some of the major powers of the Prime Minister are described as follows -

1. One of the main functions of the Prime Minister is to form the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister prepares the list of ministers and presents it to the President. The President appoints various ministers on the basis of this list.

2. An important role or power of the Prime Minister can also be seen in the form of chairing the cabinet meetings. Calling and presiding the cabinet meeting is a major function of the Prime Minister and through this meeting the Prime Minister discusses various issues.

3. An important function of the Prime Minister is that he also removes the ministers from their posts if necessary. When a minister does not work properly in his department, then the Prime Minister removes that minister from the post of minister.

4. We can also see an important role of the Prime Minister in the form that the Prime Minister of India acts as a link between the Cabinet and the President. The Prime Minister keeps on providing information about all the works of the government to the President.

5. The prime minister is the chief spokesperson of the government and also determines all decisions and policies on behalf of the government.

6. The Prime Minister in India actually exercises the powers because the parliamentary executive has been adopted in India. The Prime Minister thus reflects as the leader of the nation and provides leadership to the country.

Question 30. What do you understand by the right of national self-determination? How does this right hinder the formation of nation states?

Answer. The right of national self-determination means that the members of a nation have their own governing and decision-making powers. This right advocates the recognition of a territory as a political unit or state in the international world. Under the principle of national self-determination, the creation and recognition of states is advocated on the basis of one culture, one state. This type of demand was first made in Europe in the 19th century, as a result of which many small states were seen. The right of national self-determination becomes an obstacle in the formation of nation states, for which the following arguments can be given -

1. The creation of new states changes the boundaries of the states.

2. Due to the creation of new states, there is a huge displacement of population and lakhs of people have to be victims of this displacement.

3. The right to national self-determination is largely responsible for the immense loss of life and property, as a result of which communal riots have also been witnessed at many places.

4. Due to the right of national self-determination, it was seen in the formation of new nation states that even there there were no people of one culture and race. Because of this, the minorities have had to go through a very painful experience.

Or

Question. What do you understand by independence of judiciary? Describe the provisions of the Indian Constitution that ensure the independence of the Judiciary.

Answer. The independence of the judiciary simply means that the judges give their decisions without any coercion or fear. When judges perform their functions without any external pressure or control, it is called independence of judiciary. Many such provisions have been included in the Indian Constitution, which ensure the independence of the judiciary. Some of such provisions are as follows -

1. No interference by the legislature in the appointment of judges has been accepted.

2. It has been made a necessary condition for the judges to be expert in advocacy and law so that they can perform their functions in a better way.

3. Judges are appointed for a fixed term, such as in the Supreme Court, judges can serve for 65 years and cannot be removed before that.

4. The process of removal of judges is very difficult and can be removed only through the process of impeachment. Whenever there are allegations of misconduct on a judge, the parliament investigates those allegations and if those allegations are found to be true, then the judges are removed by the process of impeachment. Judges cannot be removed from their posts by any other process.

5. The salaries and allowances of judges are paid from the Consolidated Fund and their salaries and allowances cannot be reduced by the legislature.

6. Any work and decision of the judiciary cannot be criticized anywhere.

7. If a person shows contempt of the court, appropriate action is taken against that person and he is punished.

8. No decision or conduct of the judiciary can be discussed in the Parliament. Only the process of impeachment can be discussed in the Parliament.