STUDY TIME

POLITICAL SCIENCE

DOE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER SOLVED

(2022-23)

CLASS-XI

TIME: 3 Hours.                                                           M.M.-80

Instruction:

(1) There are total 30 questions in this question paper. All questions are compulsory.

(2) Question numbers 1-12 are multiple choice questions of 1 mark each.

(3) Question numbers 13-18 are of 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 50 words.

(4) Question numbers 19-23 are of 4 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 100 words.

(5) Question numbers 24-26 are passage, cartoon and picture based questions. Answer accordingly.

(6) Question numbers 27-30 are of 6 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 170 words.

(7) There is an internal choice in the questions of 6 marks.

1 MARKS QUESTIONS

Question 1. Which concept of rights has been presented by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant?

A. political

B. moral

C. social

D. Economic

Answer. B. moral

Question 2. What is true about the semi-presidential system?

A. The head of government is the Prime Minister.

B. The head of state is the President.

C. The President is the head of state and government.

D. The Prime Minister is the head of state and government.

Answer. A. and B.

Question 3. Which one of the following is inconsistent with the various methods of ensuring the independence of the judiciary?

A. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is consulted in the appointment of other judges of the Supreme Court.

B. Judges are generally not removed before the age of superannuation.

C. Judges of a High Court cannot be transferred to another High Court.

D. Parliament does not interfere in the appointment of judges.

Answer. A. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court is consulted in the appointment of other judges of the Supreme Court.

Question 4. Who among the following argued that, "Equality is as decisive as liberty".

A. Rousseau

B. Hobbs

C. Karl Marx

D. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

Answer. C. Karl Marx

Statement Reason Question.

Directions for question number 5 and 6.

In the question given below, two statements are marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read these statements and choose the correct answer from the given options-

(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(B) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

(C) A is correct but R is incorrect.

(D) A is wrong but R is correct.

Question 5. Assertion : The redrawing of the boundaries of the nation is still in progress.

Reason: In the assertion of national self-determination, the nation demands a political entity separate from the international community.

Answer. (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 6. Assertion : The French Revolution took place in 1789.

Reason: In many colonies of Asia and Africa, the demand for equal citizenship was part of the struggle to gain independence from the colonial rulers.

Answer. (B) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 7. Which of the following natural rights were identified by political theorists in the 17th and 18th centuries?

I. Right to Life

II. right to equality

III. right to freedom

IV. property rights.

A. I, II, III

B. II, III, IV

C. I, III, IV

D. I, II, IV

Answer. B. II, III, IV

Question 8. When did the French Revolution take place?

A. In the first half of the 17th century.

B. in the second half of the 17th century.

C. In the first half of the 18th century.

D. in the second half of the 18th century.

Answer. D. in the second half of the 18th century.

Question 9. Which of the following support the negative concept of liberty?

A. Berlin

B. JS Mill

C. James Mill

D. F A Hayek

Answer. C. James Mill

Question 10. Liberty is derived from "Libertatem". With what is the term "libertatem" related?

A. From the Greek word.

B. From the English word.

C. From the Latin word.

D. From the Spanish word.

Answer. C. From the Latin word.

Question 11. What is the concept of social justice related to?

A. Fraternity

B.equality

C. Freedom

D. From both B and C.

Answer. D. From both B and C.

Question 12. When is Human Rights Day celebrated?

A.10th December.

B.10th January.

C.10 February.

D.10th March.

Answer. A. 10th December.

2 MARKS QUESTIONS

Question 13. What is the scope of political theory?

Answer. The study of state and government and the study of power and political ideologies are mainly included within the subject area of ​​political theory.

Question 14. Politics is what politicians do. What do you understand by this statement?

Answer. For many people, politics is what politicians do, i.e. when they see politicians defecting, making false promises and tall claims, manipulating various sections, ruthlessly engaged in personal or collective self-interest, and despicable. When they see a tendency towards violence, they link politics with scams.

Question 15. Write any one method of representation of minorities.

Answer. Several types of election methods are adopted for the representation of minorities, one of them is the cumulative vote system. Under this system, each voter has the right to vote as many representatives as participate in the election, but the voter has the freedom to give all his votes to one person or distribute them among all the representatives.

Question 16. Write any two Directive Principles related to Social Justice.

Answer. The major two policy directive principles related to social justice are as follows -

1. The state will endeavor that all citizens can get employment and education according to their ability and can get public assistance in conditions of unemployment, old age, sickness and disability etc. (Article - 41)

2. The state will make such an effort that individuals have to work in favorable conditions and maternity assistance is also available to women. (Article - 42)

Q 17. Whether grant of maternity leave to working women is violative of Right to Equality or not. Write a reasoned answer.

Answer. Grant of maternity leave to working women is not a violation of right to equality but it is an affirmative action on the basis of which equality is established. Maternity leave is absolutely necessary for women because in such a situation women are unable to work.

Question 18. What provisions have been made in the constitution for religious freedom of minority communities? Describe.

Answer. The following provisions have been made in the constitution for the religious freedom of minority communities -

1. Minority communities have the right to preserve their culture, language and script.

2. Minority communities have also been given the right to establish and administer their own educational institutions, in which they can also arrange for religious education.

3. Minority communities have also been given the right that they can take admission in any educational institution and they will not be denied education on religious grounds.

4 MARKS QUESTIONS

Question 19. Do you think that local government has strengthened democracy in India? Answer with reason.

Answer. After the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments, the democracy in India has become more powerful after local government got constitutional status. Local government has further strengthened the roots of democracy in India on the following grounds -

1. People in rural areas have increased their participation in the works of local governance and have strengthened the democratic system.

2. The participation of women in the local governance has been ensured through which the participation of women in the democratic process has also increased and this has further strengthened the democracy.

3. Local government gives an opportunity to the local people to participate in the work of the government and to understand the democratic process more closely, due to which the public's faith in democracy has become stronger.

4. Common citizens have made the democratic process more practical by contesting elections and through participation in local governance, due to which the faith of citizens in democracy has been strengthened.

Question 20. Which method of election of people's representatives is adopted in Indian democracy? Describe.

Answer. In Indian democracy, the system of winning the most votes is adopted for the election of public representatives. This system is very simple and convenient, which is easily understood by every person, that is why this method has been adopted for election in the Indian Constitution. Some of the salient features of the majority vote system are as follows:

1. Through this system, the representative who gets the most votes in the election is declared victorious.

2. This system is used more in countries with high population and countries with large size.

3. In this system each country is divided into several constituencies.

4. In this system of election, the voters vote for their representatives.

5. This system is used in India and Britain.

6. Only one representative is elected from each constituency.

Q 21. Which petitions are included in the Right to Constitutional Remedies? Write in detail.

Answer. Under the fundamental rights described in Part-3 of the Indian Constitution, Article 32 has described the rights of constitutional remedies, through this right, 5 petitions or articles have been described in the Indian Constitution, which are as follows -

1. Habeas Corpus - Through Habeas Corpus, the court can order any arrested person to be produced before the court and if that person is wrongly arrested, then the court can also order that person to be released. Could

2. Mandamus - This order is issued when the court feels that a public functionary is not following his legal and constitutional obligations and this is affecting the fundamental rights of a person.

3. Prohibition Order - This order is passed by the court when a lower court hears a case by encroaching on its jurisdiction. By this order or writ, the Supreme or High Court restrains the lower court from doing so.

4. Rights Question - This order or writ is issued by the court when the court feels that a person has been appointed to a post on which he has no legal right. By this order, the court restrains that person from working in that position.

5. Articles of transmission - When a lower court or government officer does any work without authority, the court takes the matter under consideration before it and transfers it to the higher court or officer by transmission.

Question 22. What are the main ideas of Nehru regarding Indian secularism?

Answer. We can understand Nehru ji's main ideas about Indian secularism through the following points -

1. According to Nehru, secularism means equal protection of all religions by the state. They wanted a secular nation that would protect all religions, not favor any one religion at the cost of other religions, and not accept any religion as its capital.

2. Nehru ji was a philosopher of Indian religious education. Nehru himself did not follow any religion. He had no faith in God. But for him secularism did not mean animosity towards religion.

3. Nehru ji was not in favor of complete separation between religion and state. According to his view, secular state power can interfere in the matter of religion for the betterment of the society. Nehru himself played an important role in making laws for the end of caste discrimination, dowry system and sati system and providing legal rights and social freedom to the women of the country.

4. Secularism for Nehru meant complete opposition to all forms of communalism. He was particularly harsh in criticizing the communalism of the majority community as it posed a threat to national unity. For Nehru, secularism was not just a principle, but it was also the only guarantee of India's integrity.

Question 23. What are the different phases of nationalism? Explain with examples.

Answer. Nationalism is a feeling in which individuals are connected to each other and also agree on some set of beliefs. We can understand the different stages of nationalism in this way -

1. The building of any nation cannot be possible until there is a feeling of collective faith among the people there. It is a spirit that is evidence of a collective identity and vision for the future and that aspires to an independent political existence.

2. A major aspect of nationalism is that a shared history also plays an important role in it. People who consider themselves a nation also have a sense of a permanent historical identity. Through all their history they keep themselves alive and feel connected to each other.

3. The feeling of nationalism becomes stronger when people belonging to any region feel themselves connected and keep describing the characteristics of that region and feel proud of themselves. For example, people give the example of the Himalayan Mountains, the Ganges River, etc. in this region to be associated with the nation of India.

4. A very important stage of nationalism is that the feeling of nationalism cannot develop until the feeling of a common political ideal arises among the people. People come together for a common political ideal and work for it. For values ​​like secularism, liberalism, democracy etc. it is very necessary to have a collective spirit among the people.

Question 24. Study the following passage carefully and answer the questions based on it:

Legislature is not just a law making body it is the center of all democratic processes. Its debates, walkouts, protests, demonstrations, consensus, concern and cooperation etc. keep the house very alive. In fact, a true democracy cannot be imagined without an efficient and effective legislature with real representation. Legislature ensures the accountability of public representatives towards the public.

I. What are the houses of the federal legislature?

A.Lok Sabha, Legislative Assembly

B.Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha

C. Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council

D. Rajya Sabha, Legislative Council

Answer. B. Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha

II. Which of the following has the function of making laws?

A.legislature

B.Executive

C. Judiciary

D.Election Commission

Answer. A. legislature

III. Which part of the government is responsible to the public?

A.legislature

B.Executive

C.Judiciary

D. Both A and B.

Answer. D. Both A and B.

IV. Which one of the following is not an instrument of parliamentary control?

A. Asking questions.

B. No-confidence motion.

C. Cut motion.

D. Walk out.

Answer. D. Walk out.

Question 25. Study the given cartoon carefully and answer the questions based on it.

I. The above cartoon is related to which concept?

A. Right.

B. Justice.

C. Equality.

D.Citizenship.

Answer. D. Citizenship.

II. Who are the people depicted in the above cartoon?

A. Overseas

B. laborer

C. NRI

D. Social worker.

Answer. D. Social worker.

III. Which is not included in the basic rights of the citizens?

A. Right to vote

B. Right to Minimum Wages

C. Right to get education

D. Right to social support

Answer. D. Right to be socially assisted.

IV. The people of which country fought a long struggle against the black ruling white minority to get equal citizenship?

A.Indonesia

B.Malaysia

C.South Africa

D.India

Answer. C. South Africa.

Question 26. Study the following figure carefully and answer the questions based on it.

I. To which country does the person shown in the picture belong?

A.India

B.Sri Lanka

C.South Africa

D.Singapore

Answer. C. South Africa.

II. Identify the leader shown in the above picture.

A. Nelson Mandela

B.Wame Nkrumah

C.Joseph Tito

D. Sukarno

Answer. A. Nelson Mandela.

III. What was the favorite sport of the leader shown in the above picture?

A.Cricket

B. Hockey

C.Tennis

D.boxing

Answer. D. Boxing.

IV. How many years of his life did the leader shown in the above picture spend in the darkness of the prison cells?

A.25 years

B.28 years

C.30 years

D.35 years

Answer. B.28 years.

6 MARKS QUESTIONS

Question 27. Due to what reasons the demand for autonomy is raised from time to time by different states and political parties?

Answer. The demand for autonomy is raised from time to time by various states and political parties for several reasons, some of which are as follows -

1. The demand for autonomy has been raised from time to time by various states and political parties because they feel that their economic development has been comparatively low and they have not been given enough attention.

2. One of the major factors for the demand for autonomy by various political parties and states is the inadequate development and neglect of these states by the central government.

3. Autonomy has been demanded by various political parties and states also because the cultural diversity in these states has been different from the rest of the states, on the basis of which these states have been demanding autonomy.

4. Autonomy has been demanded from time to time by various states and political parties also because these states want to separate and take their decisions independently and work without any pressure.

5. One of the reasons for the demand for autonomy from time to time by various political parties and states is also believed to be that these states are geographically quite isolated and cannot integrate themselves with the country.

6. The demand for autonomy from time to time by various states and political parties has also been based on the fact that the political struggle and movement here motivates people for autonomy.

Or

Question. Describe the features showing the federal features of the Indian Constitution.

Answer. The Indian constitution is a federal constitution, some of the main features of which are as follows-

1. Indian constitution is a written constitution and any country with a federal system must have a written constitution, so we can say that India is a country with a federal system.

2. India is also called a federal country because it has the supremacy of the constitution, which means that no one is above the constitution and the supremacy of the constitution is very important in any federal country.

3. The Constitution of India is a federal constitution because independent and impartial judiciary has been arranged in India. An independent and impartial judiciary is an essential condition in any federal constitution.

4. The constitution of India is a federal constitution because here the government is found at three levels. In the Indian constitution, there is a system of three levels of government, central government, state government and local government. In any federal constitution, there should be two or more tiers of government.

5. The Constitution of India is also called the Federal Constitution because here the division of powers has been done in the form of Union List, State List and Concurrent List. Separation of powers is an essential feature of the federal system of government.

Question 28. Briefly describe the process of constitution making.

Answer. The Constitution of India is the largest written constitution in the world. The process of making the Indian Constitution has been a long one and it took 2 years, 11 months and 18 days to make it. We can understand the process of Indian constitution making through the following points –

1. The framing of the Indian Constitution was based on the scheme proposed by the Cabinet Mission, on the basis of which seats were given to each group of provinces and princely states in proportion to their population. Roughly a ratio of one seat per million population was kept.

2. The total number of members of the Constituent Assembly was fixed at 389 before partition. After the partition of India and Pakistan, only 299 members were left in the Constituent Assembly of India.

3. The Indian Constituent Assembly was elected indirectly by the members of the provincial assemblies. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly of India took place on 9 December 1946.

4. The Constitution of India was made by the Constituent Assembly in 2 years 11 months and 18 days. On 26 November 1949, the Constitution of India was prepared, which was signed by 284 members.

5. The temporary President of the Constituent Assembly was Dr. Sachchidanand Sinha and later Dr. Rajendra Prasad was made the permanent President of the Constituent Assembly.

6. The Constituent Assembly usually used unanimity to add any provision and any provision was included in the constitution after various debates.

7. Different types of committees were also formed to prepare the constitution and usually Jawaharlal Nehru, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Maulana Azad and Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar were made the presidents of these committees.

8. The Constituent Assembly met for about 166 days and completed the framing of the Constitution which was implemented on 26 January 1950.

Or

Question. What changes were made in the constitution through the 42nd constitutional amendment? Write any two.

Answer. The 42nd Constitutional Amendment was implemented during the Emergency in the year 1976 and through this Constitutional Amendment, a large-scale change was made in the Constitution, hence this Constitutional Amendment is also known as the implemented Constitution. Some of the major changes made by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment are as follows-

1. The Preamble of the Indian Constitution was changed through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment and three words Socialist Secular and Integrity were added to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.

2. The Directive Principles of State Policy were also amended through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment and 3 new Directive Principles were included which are as follows.

I. Equal justice and free legal aid. (39 a)

II. Participation of workers in the management of industries. (43a)

III. Protection and improvement of environment and protection of forests and wild life. (48 a)

3. Through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment, fundamental duties were also included in the Constitution, which is included in Part 4-A Article 51-A of the Constitution. At present there are 11 fundamental duties.

Question 29. What are the different dimensions of justice? What suggestions would you give to establish economic justice in India?

Answer. The simple meaning of the word justice is that all people get their account and they are treated equally and order is maintained in the society. We can understand the different dimensions of justice in this way -

1. Legal Justice - In this concept of justice, we include the process of giving a person his rights by the court and establishing the rule of law in the society. This dimension of justice appears to be quite narrow.

2. Political Justice - In any democratic society, political justice means promoting equal political rights. Under political justice, we include things like exercising equal franchise, forming unions, forming parties, cooperating in government formation.

3. Social Justice - Social justice is such a dimension of justice which states that all people in the society are equal and there should be no discrimination of any kind with them on the basis of caste, religion, language, gender, place of birth. All individuals have full right to their development in the society and they should not face social discrimination in any way.

4. Economic Justice - Economic justice is such a dimension of justice which decides that every person in the state should get proper opportunity to do his economic development and he should not face any kind of problem in earning his livelihood. And every person should have basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter and education easily. Social justice assures adequate means of livelihood through the provisions of equal pay for equal work, equal economic opportunity, fair distribution of resources etc.

Or

Question. Explain the concept of distributive justice with suitable examples.

Answer. The distributive theory of justice was described by John Rawls in the year 1971 in his book A Theory of Justice. We can try to understand the distributive principle of justice through the following points -

1. This principle of justice refers to the problem of fair distribution of primary goods. John Rawls believed that the principles of justice that are accepted by the majority and the distribution system that will be used through them will be completely democratic and fair. Through this theory, John Rawls has talked about the just distribution of primary goods and he has put rights and freedoms, income and wealth, powers and opportunities and self-esteem etc. in primary goods. John Rawls says that these primary things will provide equal opportunity for the development of personality of another person and awaken self-esteem in the individual and provide an opportunity to achieve the maximum according to his ability through a competitive economy.

2. John Rawls has also tried to tell through his principle of justice that distribution of income should be done in the interest of the poor. John Rawls wanted to develop the capitalist system in such a way that the capitalists would get more profit through market economy and a part of their profit which would be received by the government in the form of tax, excise duty, customs duty and income tax etc. The government will do the same in the development works of the state and will also prepare appropriate plans for the development of the poor sections of the society. In this way, the government will fulfill the basic needs of the common people like general education, health housing, which will be a fair distribution of income.

3. This principle of justice also pays enough attention to the fact that everyone in the society gets equality of opportunities, but the state also has to pay attention to the fact that the weaker section of the society should not be harmed in any way and should be given more opportunities. Get more profit. John Rawls, through his theory, has described the matter of adequate help and first of all help for the people of the most poor section of the society.

4. John Rawls has supported liberal democracy through his theory of distributive justice. John Rawls has clearly described in his theory of justice that democracy is the highest and best system. Therefore, for the rule of democracy, the rights and freedoms of the people should be strongly supported. Through this distributive theory of justice, John Rawls believes that rights such as freedom of thought, freedom of conscience, the right to property, the freedom to form a family and to marry, and the freedom of private ownership of the means of production are indisputably important.

Question 30. How is the President of India elected? Explain.

Answer. The head of the federal executive in India is the President and all the executive power of the union is vested in him, which he exercises according to the constitution himself or through his subordinate officers. The election of the President is done by the indirect election system which is described in Article 55. We can understand the election process of the President through the following points –

1. The President of India is elected by an electoral college whose members are the elected members of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha and the members of the State Assemblies.

2. The President of India is elected according to the proportional representation system by the single transferable vote system and this election is secret.

3. A single transferable vote system is used in the election of the President, which means that if there is more than one candidate for the post of President, each voter will give as many votes in order of preference as there are candidates, that is, each voter will give his vote to each candidate. Will give in order of preference. For example, if there are three candidates for the post of President, then the voter will give his vote to all the three candidates according to the first, second and third seniority.

4. In the presidential election, the same candidate is declared successful who has secured at least one vote more than half of the total valid votes i.e. more than 50%. It is also called the minimum quota. The candidate who achieves the minimum quota is declared successful.

Or

Question. What is the main difference between Council of Ministers and Cabinet? Which is more important of the two and why?

Answer. Council of Ministers - After the appointment of the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister appoints prominent leaders from among the winning candidates as ministers by the President.

Council of Ministers - A cabinet is prepared by including ministers of some special and important ministries of the Council of Ministers.

The main differences between the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet are as follows -

1. The Council of Ministers is a constitutional body which is described in the constitution but the cabinet is not a constitutional body but it has been created to improve the administrative work.

2. Council of Ministers is a big assembly and there are many ministers in it, on the other hand, there are very limited ministers in the cabinet, whose number ranges from 10 to 15. The cabinet is a small assembly whose meetings can easily be called frequently.

3. At present, the role of the cabinet is increasing continuously in the democratic process and it has become an important body, on the other hand, the Council of Ministers is a common body and its role is very less than the role of the cabinet.

More important assembly in Council of Ministers and Cabinet - If we make a comparative study of the Council of Ministers and the Cabinet, then we can say that the Cabinet is a more important assembly than the Council of Ministers. An important factor for the important role of the cabinet is that it consists of the ministers of the very important ministry of the country who constantly discuss with the prime minister the serious matters of the country and make policies. The importance of the cabinet is also because the cabinet meeting can usually be called easily and the Prime Minister is able to make policies and take decisions very quickly from this cabinet meeting.