STUDY TIME

PRACTICE PAPER SOLVED

POLITICAL SCIENCE

CLASS-XII

TIME:3 Hours.                                        M.M.-80

Instructions:

(1) All questions are compulsory.

(2) Question numbers 1-16 are multiple choice questions of 1 mark each.

(3) Question numbers 17-21 are of 2 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 50 words.

(4) Question numbers 22-25 are of 4 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 100 words.

(5) Question numbers 26-28 are passage, cartoon and map based questions. Answer accordingly.

(6) Question numbers 29-32 are of 6 marks each. Answer to each of these questions should not exceed 170 words.

(7) Questions of 6 marks have internal choice.

SECTION-A

(16 - Marks)

Question 1. From which country did the Arab Spring movement started in the year 2009?(1)

A. Libya

B. Sudan

C. Iraq

D. Tunisia

Answer. D. Tunisia

Question 2. Who among the following was the last President of the Soviet Union? (1)

A. Boris Yeltsin

B. Mikhail Gorbachev

C. Joseph Stalin

D. Leonid Brezhnev

Answer. B. Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 3. Which of the following is not a pillar of ASEAN? (1)

A. economic pillar

B. Security pillar

C. Socio-Cultural Pillars

D. Military pillars

Answer. D. Military column

Question 4. Which of these countries is no longer a member of the European Union? (1)

A. France

B. Britain

C. Italy

D. Luxembourg

Answer. B. Britain

Question 5. What is the meaning of security? (1)

A. Freedom from danger

B. Freedom from poverty

C. no war

D. Cold War

Answer. A. Freedom from danger.

Question 6. Which of these commissions is considered to be the successor of the Planning Commission? (1)

A. National Development Council

B. NITI Aayog

C. Intellectual Commission

D. Election Commission

Answer. B. NITI Aayog.

Question 7. Who prepared the first five year plan in India? (1)

A. P C Mahalanovis

B. K C Niyogi

C. Sukumar Sen

D. K N Raj

Answer. D. K N Raj.

Question 8. Arrange the following in chronological order.(1)

A. Operation Desert Storm

B. Operation Infinite Reach

C. Operation Iraqi Freedom

D. Operation Enduring Freedom

(a) i), ii), iv), iii)

(b) ii), iii), iv), i)

(c) iii), ii), iv), i)

(d) i), iii), iv), ii)

Answer. (a) i), ii), iv), iii)

Question 9. Which of the following is not a valid reason for concern for the environment in global politics? (1)

A. Lack of drinking water

B. seaside pollution

C. holes in the ozone layer

D. atmosphere of violence

Answer. D. atmosphere of violence

Question 10. Which of the following was the first state formed in India on the basis of language? (1)

A. Karnataka

B. Maharashtra

C. Andhra Pradesh

D. Kerala

Answer. C. Andhra Pradesh.

Question 11. In which of these states the first general elections were held? (1)

A. Assam

B. Meghalaya

C. Manipur

D. Kerala

Answer. C. Manipur.

Question 12. Who among the following was the leader who played an important role in the integration of the princely states? (1)

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. Mahatma Gandhi

C. Frontier Gandhi

D. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Answer. D. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Question 13. Which of the following countries is not a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council? (1)

A. America

B. Russia

C. India

D. China

Answer. C. India.

Question 14. Agenda 21 is related to which of these areas? (1)

A. Human Rights

B. Women Safety

C. Nutrition and Development

D. Environment

Answer. D. Environment.

Question 15. Which of these countries was the first to announce their separation from the Soviet Union? (1)

A. Lithuania Latvia Estonia

B. Lithuania Latvia Russia

C. Lithuania Belarus Estonia

D. Ukraine Latvia Estonia

Answer. A. Lithuania Latvia Estonia.

Question 16. In which country of South Asia caste conflicts are seen? (1)

A. Maldives

B. India

C. Bhutan

D. Sri Lanka

Answer. D. Sri Lanka.

SECTION-B

(10 – Marks)

Question 17. What do you understand by two polar world? (2)

Answer. When there are two centers of energy in the world, then we call such a world as two polar worlds. The period from the year 1945 to the year 1991 is called the period of two polar worlds because the Soviet Union and America were the two super powers during this period.

Q18. What do you understand by South Asia? (2)

Answer. The southern part of Asia which includes India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Maldives is known as South Asia.

Question 19. Explain two reasons for the Arab revolution.(2)

Answer. The two main reasons for the Arab Revolution are as follows -

1. The Arab Revolution was mainly started against corruption.

2. And one of the main reasons for the revolution was the demand for democracy and the end of dictatorial rule.

Question 20. What do you understand by the central value of security? (2)

Answer. Sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity are the central values ​​of any country and any foreign country threatens them by threatening military attack.

Question 21. Describe any two objectives of ASEAN.(2)

Answer. The main two objectives of ASEAN are as follows -

1. ASEAN works with the aim of achieving social progress and cultural cooperation.

2. It recognizes and promotes the principles of the Charter of the United Nations.

SECTION-C

(16 - Marks)

Question 22. Conflict and tension will continue in South Asia. Explain. (4)

Answer. South Asia will continue to be known as a conflict prone region and there are many reasons responsible for this, some of which are as follows -

1. The tense relations between India and Pakistan keep South Asia a conflict prone area.

2. The ever-increasing involvement of China and the US in South Asian politics continues to make South Asia a tense and conflict-prone region.

3. China's closeness with Pakistan also hinders the peace system in South Asia and keeps the atmosphere in the region tense.

4. India's emergence as a powerful country and coming as the world's most powerful economy also generates apprehensive outlook for other countries.

Question 23. Israel has emerged as a new center of power in the 21st century. Do you agree with this statement? If yes, give reasons in support of your answer.(4)

Answer. We can understand the factors behind the emergence of Israel as a new center of power in the 21st century through the following points -

1. Israel has emerged as a new center of power in the 21st century and its military capability is unmatched. Israel has a prominent place in the world's most powerful military capabilities.

2. Its industrial policy and technological innovation have also helped Israel to establish itself as a new power in the 21st century.

3. The very strong economy of Israel has also been an important factor in the establishment of Israel as the new center of power in the 21st century.

4. Its amazing ability in the field of science and technology has also contributed greatly to Israel's emergence as the new center of power in the 21st century.

Question 24. Identify the major factors for the failure of democracy in Pakistan.(4)

Answer. There are many reasons responsible for the success of democracy in Pakistan, some of which are as follows -

1. An important factor for the further failure of democracy in Pakistan is the interference of the army in its politics. The army interferes to a great extent in the affairs of the government.

2. A major reason for the failure of democracy in Pakistan is that the strained relations between India and Pakistan clearly put pressure on the elected government here and for this reason the interference of the army also increases in the governance work.

3. One of the reasons responsible for the failure of democracy in Pakistan is that America has promoted the army due to its personal interest and has helped in weakening the elected government.

4. For the failure of democracy in Pakistan, religious leaders and big landowners are also responsible here who influence the government to work by creating social pressure.

Or

Question . Explain any four economic consequences of globalization.

Answer. Globalization is a multidimensional process which has had economic, political and cultural consequences. Some of its economic effects are as follows -

1. Globalization has seen a reduction in import restrictions at the global level. Various countries of the world have reduced the restrictions on imports.

2. We can also see the economic impact of globalization in such a way that due to this there has been a very rapid growth in world trade. The trade of the world has now started taking place in very large quantities.

3. One of the economic effects of globalization is that there is an unequal flow of capital and labor under it. Developed countries invest their capital easily in developing countries but developing countries are not able to flow their labor as easily in developed countries.

4. An economic effect of globalization has also been seen that due to this, economic inequality has increased in the world. While one and many countries have made a lot of profit from globalization, on the other hand many countries of the world have not got enough benefit of globalization.

Question 25. How is the European Union an influential organization? Explain. (4)

Answer. The European Union has emerged as one of the most influential regional organization in the world and many reasons are responsible for this, some of which are as follows -

1. The European Union also becomes an influential organization because until the year 2005, the European Union was the largest economy in the world. Even today the economy of the European Union is quite large.

2. The European Union is also an influential organization because France, a country of the European Union, is a country with veto power in the United Nations as well as a nuclear power country.

3. The European Union can also be called an influential organization because this organization also has its own national anthem, flag and a common currency.

4. The European Union is an influential organization in the world and it has a different place in international politics and this organization is capable of interfering in world politics.

SECTION-D

(14 - Marks)

Question 26. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below. (4)

India did not follow any of the two well-known models of development. Some features of both the models were taken and implemented in their country in a mixed form. That is why Indian economy is called mixed economy.

(i) Name two models of development.

Answer. Capitalist and Socialist.

(ii) Why did India not fully accept either of the two models? Give at least one reason for each.

Answer. Many people in India were against the US model because there was a general consensus that development cannot be left in private hands and the government would have to fulfill its important responsibilities. On the other hand, the socialist model of development was also not adopted because the country had to develop rapidly and it might not have been possible if the government had intervened completely.

(iii) Describe two features of mixed economy of India.

Answer. Following are the two characteristics of mixed economy of India:

1. India had kept big industries under its control.

2. Many areas in India were left free so that they could develop rapidly.

27. Look at the cartoon given below and answer the following questions.(5)

(i) What problems are shown in the figure?

Answer. The picture shows problems related to terrorism and natural disaster.

(ii) Are there other problems besides these?

Answer. Yes, apart from these problems, there are many other problems like human rights abuses, global poverty, refugees problem, epidemics etc.

(iii) How can the world deal with these problems?

Answer. To deal with these problems, the world will have to work on mutual cooperation and trust instead of military power. Fighting terrorism may require military power, but natural disasters, epidemics, global poverty, human rights, all the countries of the world will have to cooperate with each other.

Question 28. In the given outline map of India, five states are represented by A, B, C, D, and E. Identify these five states on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names, serial numbers of the information used and related alphabets in your answer sheet as in the table below.

Sr. No. of the Information used	Concerned Alphabet	Name of the State
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)

(i) The state which opposed the merger with the Indian Union.

(ii) The state which was carved out of Assam in 1972.

(iii) The state where the Communist Party of India formed the government in 1957.

(iv) A state created in 1966.

(v) The state which is associated with the dairy cooperative movement under the name Amul.

Answer.

Sr. No. of the Information used	Concerned Alphabet	Name of the State
(i)	D	MANIPUR
(ii)	C	MEGHALAY
(iii)	B	KERALA
(iv)	A	HARYANA
(v)	E	GUJRAT

 

SECTION-E

(24 - marks)

Question 29. Write a note on the establishment of democracy in Nepal.(6)

Answer. Nepal is a small peace loving country in South Asia. Monarchy was established in Nepal from the beginning, but after 1990, the demand for democracy in Nepal started which was completed in the year 2006. We can understand the process of establishment of democracy in Nepal through the following points-

1. Constitutional monarchy was established in Nepal and people in the country had been demanding more open and accountable rule but the king had taken complete control over the governance with the help of army and did not allow democratic system to be established.

2. In the year 1990, a movement in support of democracy started in Nepal and due to this movement, the king accepted the demand of the constitution and on the other hand the Maoists had started to establish their influence in Nepal.

3. The Maoists were against the king and the ruling elite. So there was a triangular fight between Raja's army, Maoists and pro-democracy which resulted in the year 2002 when Raja dissolved the parliament and dismissed the government.

4. In the year 2006, there were demonstrations in support of countrywide democracy in Nepal and the supporters of democracy got the first victory when King Gyanendra restored the Parliament which was dissolved in the year 2002. This movement was led by 7 parties. did it together.

5. In Nepal in 2008, the monarchy was completely abolished and Nepal was declared a democratic republic and in the year 2015, the new constitution has also been adopted in Nepal. The Maoists have accepted their representation in the government leaving the path of struggle and have shown a sense of dedication for the development of Nepal.

Or

Question . Explain any two positive and any two negative effects of globalization.

Answer. Globalization is a process in which there is free flow of goods, capital, labor and ideas. There are positive and negative effects of globalization on the whole world which are as follows-

Positive Effects of Globalization - Some of the major positive effects of globalization are as follows -

1. Due to globalization, there has been a tremendous increase in trade all over the world, that is, due to globalization, there has been an advantage due to which the trade of all the countries has become much more than before.

2. An effect has also been seen due to globalization that due to this there has been a tremendous change in the standard of living of the people than before. The standard of living of the people has become much better than before which shows the positive impact of globalization.

3. A positive effect of globalization has also been seen that now the number of food and drink options have increased before the people. Before globalization, there were limited quantity of food and drink options.

Negative Effects of Globalization - Globalization is a multidimensional process, it has various effects. Some of the negative effects of globalization are as follows

1. Due to globalization, there has been a continuous increase in economic inequality. In many countries of the world, economic inequality has increased very fast due to globalization, that is, the rich have become richer and the poor have become poorer.

2. The negative effects of globalization have also been seen that due to this there has not been equal flow of labor and capital i.e. developed countries have benefited in capital investment but have stopped the flow of labor through strict visa policy.

3. A negative effect of globalization has also been seen that due to the advent of big multinational companies, small businessmen and companies have suffered huge amounts and have almost reached the verge of ruin.

Question 30. Describe the main reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.(6)

Answer. The Soviet Union came into existence in the year 1917 after the communist revolution and in the year 1991 the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 republics, for which many reasons were responsible, some of which are as follows -

1. A very responsible reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was that the Soviet Union had invested all its resources in the manufacture of weapons and due to which its huge budget was being spent in the manufacture of weapons and it was slowly falling behind. was becoming.

2. An important reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was also that the Soviet Union had stopped upgrading its technology and was falling behind the countries of the West and the Soviet Union suffered a lot due to this technological backwardness.

3. The dictatorship of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union also played an important role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Because no other political party existed in the Soviet Union, arbitrary decisions were taken in the Communist Party and they were imposed on the people.

4. An important reason for the dissolution of the Soviet Union was that many republics of the Soviet Union now wanted to be sovereign and independent and the demand for this sovereignty made the dissolution of the Soviet Union inevitable.

5. One of the reasons responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was that the bureaucracy in the Soviet Union was gradually increasing and the public had become very upset by this clutches and they now wanted to be independent.

6. One reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union can also be considered responsible that Russia was the most powerful and dominant of all the republics of the Soviet Union and the rest of the republic was not given that much prominence.

7. The opposition to the reforms made by Mikhail Gorbachev can also be considered a responsible reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union. started protesting.

Or

Question . Why should environmental concerns become a matter of global politics? Give reasoning in support of your answer.

Answer. At present, environment has become a part of world politics and environment has emerged as a big issue in global politics because the way the environment is changing and environmental pollution is increasing it is affecting the whole world. . The following arguments can be made for concern for the environment in global politics:

1. Environment should be concerned in the global politics because the fast depleting pasture has become a big problem and most of the countries of the world are facing this problem.

2. A huge problem of drinking water has arisen in most of the countries of the world and it is very difficult to get clean drinking water available to the people in these countries and it is a very big problem of the world which can be solved all over the world. Countries have to come together.

3. Environmental concern is also done in global politics because our environment has changed a lot due to global warming and the temperature of the earth is increasing gradually due to which glaciers are melting and many countries of the world are being destroyed. are on the verge of. Global warming has also caused substantial damage to flora and fauna.

4. The availability of clean air has become a big problem due to the rapid rate at which all the countries of the world have polluted the environment in the name of development. At present, there is a huge change in the world's air and the increasing amount of carbon has caused very negative changes in the environment.

5. Environmental concern in global politics is because most areas of the world have not registered any increase in arable land, but there has been a decrease in arable land and due to this, there has been a negative impact on the production of cereals. The rapid growth in the world population has not been seen in arable land and this is a big problem.

6. In global politics, environmental concern is also done because a very big problem has arisen in front of us, which we know as hole in the ozone layer. We know the importance of the ozone layer very well and due to the area in Antarctica in it, a huge problem has arisen in front of the whole world, which is a threat to the fauna and flora on earth as well as the existence of mankind. .

Question 31. Analyze the relevance of United Nations Organization in present times.(6)

Answer. Relevance of the United Nations in the present time: The United Nations was established to save the whole world from the Third World War and to establish peace and order in the world. We can understand the relevance of the United Nations in the present times through the following points:

1. Even at present, United Nations Organization is an important international organization which is working for international peace order and international security.

2. The relevance of the United Nations Organization for international economic cooperation is absolutely necessary even at the present time. The United Nations is working to improve economic relations between various member states.

3. We can also understand the relevance of the United Nations in the present time in such a way that it is acting as an important organization in the world to stop the arms race and implement the policy of disarmament.

4. It is even more relevant in the present times in the United Nations because there is an urgent need for nuclear disarmament in the present time and various countries are also making efforts for nuclear power which can be terrible for the whole world.

5. We can also understand the relevance of the United Nations in such a way that no country alone can combat various types of natural disasters and epidemics that are coming in the present time, so we have to deal with these disasters and epidemics at the international level. United Nations is required.

6. Even at the present time, the United Nations is a relevant international organization because this organization is playing a decisive role in saving the whole world from the Third World War and it will not be an exaggeration to say that it is only because of the efforts of the United Nations. The world is left over from the third world war.

7. The United Nations is also a relevant organization in the present time because the United Nations is the only organization that has the ability to challenge American supremacy.

Or

Question. What were the three major challenges India faced at the time of independence?

Answer. India got independence in the year 1947 and India had to face some major challenges as soon as it became independent. The circumstances under which we got freedom were quite unfavorable. At the time of independence, India had to face the following challenges-

1. Challenge to Create Unity and Integrity - At the time of independence, India had to face a great challenge of maintaining unity and integrity. At the time of independence, India first had to face partition and after that India had to do the big task of incorporating 565 princely states into the Indian Union and keeping all the states of India in India and building a united India. The territorial integrity and unity of India was in danger due to the demand for new states in South India and various types of separatist movement in other regions of India. On the basis of India's cultural diversity and language, there was a lot of difference in people, so uniting all Indians and tying them in the thread of unity was a big question.

2. Establishing Democracy - After attaining independence, India implemented its constitution and declared India a democratic country in the constitution. It was decided in the Indian Constitution that the form of government would be democratic and parliamentary system of government would be adopted in India. Fundamental rights were guaranteed to all the people of India and adult franchise was also arranged. In this way it was decided that representative democracy would be established in India on the basis of parliamentary system of government, but the biggest question was how to establish this democratic system in every part of India and how to make the people of India democratic. Familiarize yourself with the governance system and ensure their participation.

3. Challenge of development based on equality - At the time of independence, one of the biggest challenges before India came in the form of the challenge of development of all the people based on equality. The policies of development should be set in such a way that the welfare of any one section of the society is not good, but the welfare of the whole society can be done. It was decided in the Indian Constitution that everyone in the country should be treated equally and socially disadvantaged and religious cultural minorities should also be given special protection.

In the Indian Constitution, through the Directive Principles of State Policy, the public welfare principles of the society were also arranged so that the government could fulfill the work of public welfare by implementing these principles from time to time. At the time of independence, now a big challenge before the government was how to decide the development strategies so that due to the tragedy of the partition, not only one section develops, but all sections of the society develop equally through these plans. as far as possible.

Question 32. Describe the main reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.(6)

Answer. The Soviet Union came into existence in the year 1917 after the communist revolution and in the year 1991 the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 republics, for which many reasons were responsible, some of which are as follows -

1. A very responsible reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was that the Soviet Union had invested all its resources in the manufacture of weapons and due to which its huge budget was being spent in the manufacture of weapons and it was slowly falling behind. was becoming.

2. An important reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was also that the Soviet Union had stopped upgrading its technology and was falling behind the countries of the West and the Soviet Union suffered a lot due to this technological backwardness.

3. The dictatorship of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union also played an important role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Because no other political party existed in the Soviet Union, arbitrary decisions were taken in the Communist Party and they were imposed on the people.

4. An important reason for the dissolution of the Soviet Union was that many republics of the Soviet Union now wanted to be sovereign and independent and the demand for this sovereignty made the dissolution of the Soviet Union inevitable.

5. One of the reasons responsible for the disintegration of the Soviet Union was that the bureaucracy in the Soviet Union was gradually increasing and the public had become very upset by this clutches and they now wanted to be independent.

6. One reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union can also be considered responsible that Russia was the most powerful and dominant of all the republics of the Soviet Union and the rest of the republic was not given that much prominence.

7. The opposition to the reforms made by Mikhail Gorbachev can also be considered a responsible reason for the disintegration of the Soviet Union. started protesting.

Or

Question 6. Explain the factors responsible for the growth of Chinese economy.

Answer. China is currently one of the largest economies in the world. China is developing very fast and according to one estimate it will become the largest and most developed economy in the world in the coming few years. Some of the factors responsible for the growth of Chinese economy are as follows-

1. China tried to improve its relations with America in the year 1972 and ended its political and economic isolation, and with this policy, China made its economic development very fast.

2. In the year 1973, Prime Minister Chou En Lai made four proposals for modernization in the field of agriculture, industry service and science technology. After this modernization proposal, China started its development very fast.

3. China's economic development started very fast in the year 1978 after the economic reform and open door policy by Deng Xiaoping. The Open Door Policy of 1978 began to accelerate the pace of China's economic development and we are still seeing its results.

4. In the year 1982, agriculture was privatized in China and due to this, there was a very rapid development in the field of agriculture in China, which also contributed greatly to the development of the country.

5. In the year 1998, industries were privatized in China. Along with this, special economic zones were created in China whose purpose was to promote foreign investment and accelerate the development of the country.

6. China decided to join the World Trade Organization in the year 2001 to increase its economic development and in this way China has done a special task of connecting its economy with other economies of the world, which gives it the advantage of rapid economic growth.