STUDY TIME

MID TERM EXAM-2022-23

SUBJECT – POLITICAL SCIENCE

CLASS-XII

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF 2 MARKS ASKED BY CBSE

Question 1. Differentiate between refugees and migrants.

Answer. Refugees are called people who are forced to leave their country and live on the border due to some war, civil war or violence.

Whereas immigrants are said to be such people who agree to settle in another country of their own free will.

Question 2. Mention any two sources of threats facing third world countries.

Answer. Third world countries are countries that are developing or backward and these countries are facing problems like human rights violations, terrorism and poverty.

Question 3. What is meant by Global Common Wealth?

Answer. Global Common Wealth is the property which is owned by all the countries of the world. For example, Antarctica, Outer Circle Ocean etc.

Question 4. Describe any two steps taken by China to improve its economic system.

Answer. China took the following two steps to improve its economy -

1. China ended its political and economic isolation by establishing relations with the US in 1972.

2. China announced economic reforms in the year 1978 through an open door policy.

Question 5. Mention any one measure to combat terrorism as a new source of security threat.

Answer. Terrorism has emerged as a major security threat in the present times. Globally, terrorism can be fought through shared cooperation and strategy.

Question 6. Why are organizations like United Nations needed?

Answer. We need an international organization like United Nations because -

1. Work to save from world war.

2. Maintain international peace and security.

3. Establish global cooperation.

4. It is necessary to meet the new global challenges.

Question 7. Give any two arguments against the demand for ban on dam construction.

Answer 1. The demand to stop the construction of dams is considered by many to be a stumbling block in the process of development.

2. Dams also perform important functions such as water for irrigation, generating electricity, providing drinking water and preventing floods.

Question 8. Why did India refuse to sign the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty?

Answer. 1. India has refused to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty because India considers the treaty to be biased.

2. India also had to compete with the nuclear power of its neighboring countries to maintain its security system.

Question 9. Mention any two reforms proposed by UNCTAD to improve the global trading system.

Answer. Reforms proposed by UNCTAD

1. Least developed countries should have control over their own natural resources.

2. They should have access to western markets.

3. The role of Least Developed Countries in international economic institutions should be increased.

4. Technology imported from western countries should be available at cheaper rates.

Question 10. Independent India was born under very difficult circumstances. Justify this statement with any two suitable arguments.

Answer 1. Independence came with the partition of the country.

2. After independence there was a lot of violence and also suffered the trauma of displacement.

Question 11. Analyze any two factors that were responsible for the formation of Pakistan.

Answer. 1. The theory of dual nationalism propounded by the Muslim League.

2. Political competition between Congress and Muslim League.

Question 12. Describe any two features of the Soviet system.

Answer. 1. Recognition to Communist Party only.

2. Lack of unemployment.

3. Opposing capitalism and private property.

4. Fulfilling the basic needs of man by the state.

Question 13. How did the Russian government deal with the two republics running a violent movement for succession?

Answer. The Russian government carried out indiscriminate military bombings to suppress the violent separatist movement in Chechnya and Dagestan.

Question 14. Identify four common symbols that give the European Union the appearance of a nation state.

Answer. The four symbols that give the European Union the form of a nation state are as follows - flag, national anthem, foundation day and currency.

Question 15. Highlight any two features of India's mixed economy system. Answer. The following are two characteristics of India's mixed economy –

1. A substantial part of agricultural trade and industries have been left in private hands.

2. State controlled major heavy industries provided infrastructure, regulated trade and major interventions were made in the field of agriculture.

Question 16. Who promoted the coup in the Soviet Union in the year 1991 and why?

Answer. This coup was encouraged by the radicals of the Communist Party.

They were opposed to reforms within the Communist Party.

Question 17. The framers of the Constitution of India ensured that development and welfare should belong to the entire society and not just a few sections. Give any two of the above arguments to establish an explanation for this statement.

Answer. 1. The Indian Constitution has adopted the principle of equality and special protection for socially disadvantaged groups, religious and cultural communities.

2. The Constitution has also prescribed welfare goals in the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Question 18. Mention any two reforms brought by Gorbachev.

Answer. Gorbachev adopted a policy of openness and reorganization in the Soviet Union, also known as glasnost and perestroika. Its two major improvements are as follows-

1. To establish normal relations with the countries of the West.

2. Democratizing the Soviet System

3. Ending the arms race with America.

Question 19. Mention any two reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union.

Answer. The two main reasons for the disintegration of the Soviet Union are as follows-

1. The economic stagnation was brought about by the lack of consumer goods.

2. Widespread corruption and inability to rectify mistakes.

3. The screws of the bureaucracy.

4. Dictatorship of the Communist Party.

Question 20. How many years did the civil war in Tajikistan last and when did this civil war end?

Answer. The civil war in Tajikistan continued from 1991, lasted for about 10 years and ended in 2001.

Question 21. What message does the circle of gold stars in the flag of the European Union symbolize?

Or

What is the significance of the gold colored circle of 12 stars depicted in the flag of the European Union?

Answer. The flag of the European Union consists of 12 gold-coloured stars in the shape of a circle on a blue base. This circle of stars represents the unity and harmony of the people of Europe. The number 12 there is traditionally considered a symbol of wholeness, totality and unity.

Question 22. Write any two characteristics of the European Union which make it an influential organization.

Answer. 1. The European Union had become the world's largest economy by the year 2005, which shows that it is an influential organization.

2. France, a member country of the European Union, has veto power as well as nuclear power.

Question 23. What is meant by ASEAN Style? State its two purposes.

Answer. ASEAN has achieved a lot of fame by presenting a new example of informal, non-confrontational and cooperative reconciliation and this is called the ASEAN style.

ASEAN Style has two objectives -

1. Accelerating economic development.

2. Promoting regional peace and stability.

Question 24. Write any two reasons for the instability of democracy in Pakistan.

Answer. The two reasons for the instability of democracy in Pakistan are as follows -

1. Interference of the army in the affairs of the government.

2. The domination of the religious leader over the society.

3. Lack of public awareness.

4. Enmity between India and Pakistan.

Question 25. Define cultural differentiation.

Answer. Cultural variation is also one of the cultural effects of globalization. With globalization every culture is becoming more and more distinct and special and this process is called cultural differentiation.