STUDY TIME

MID TERM EXAM-2022-23

SUBJECT – POLITICAL SCIENCE

CLASS-XII

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF 4 MARKS ASKED BY CBSE

Question 1. What factors help the EU as a powerful organization? Explain.

Answer. The European Union is a regional organization on the continent of Europe and one of the most powerful organizations in the world. The present European Union as we see it came into existence in the year 1992 after the Müstrist Treaty. The following factors have contributed significantly in establishing the European Union as a new center of power -

1. The economy of the European Union is very large and the European Union also had the distinction of being the world's largest economy in the year 2005. Its GDP was much more than that of the US economy.

2. EU's common currency Euro is a very powerful currency and due to this currency, America is also feeling threatened which shows the power of EU.

3. EU's share in international trade is much higher The EU's share in international trade is 3 times that of the US, which makes the EU a powerful organization.

4. France, a member country of the European Union, is also a permanent member of the United Nations and is also a nuclear-powered country, which makes the European Union a powerful organization in itself and due to its ability, it can also control the policies of other countries of the world. can affect.

5. The European Union is also the most powerful organization in the world in terms of military capability and this organization becomes even stronger and more powerful due to France having nuclear power.

Question 2. What are the main reasons responsible for the failure of democracy in Pakistan?

Answer. The following reasons are responsible for weakening the roots of democracy in Pakistan -

1. Due to the intervention of the army in the politics of Pakistan, the roots of democracy have not been completely permanent here.

2. Intervention of religious leaders inside politics and influencing policies is also a major factor for the failure of democratic government in Pakistan.

3. For the failure of democracy in Pakistan, big landowners and landlords are also responsible here who influence the decisions and policies of the elected government.

4. The strained relations between India and Pakistan also have an effect on the government of Pakistan, due to which the elected government here has to face additional pressure.

5. The failure of democracy in Pakistan and the lack of awareness of the people here is also a major factor responsible for the weakening of the roots of democracy.

6. One of the reasons for the failure of democracy in Pakistan is that there is enough corruption in the political parties, due to which a healthy public opinion is not formed.

Question 3. On which areas are there disputes between India and Sri Lanka?

Answer. Tension prevails between India and Sri Lanka on the following points -

1. An area of ​​dispute between India and Sri Lanka is also the determination of the maritime boundary. India and Sri Lanka are connected through the Pak Water Treaty and there is also a dispute between the two over the maritime boundary.

2. The Tamil problem is also a major factor in the tension between India and Sri Lanka. The Tamil community is also a major factor responsible for the ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and relations between the two countries are strained due to India's policy towards Tamils.

3. Due to the inclination of Sri Lanka towards China and its increasing relations with Western countries, the relations between the two countries continue to be strained.

4. There is also a problem with fishermen between India and Sri Lanka, under which the fishermen of both the countries violate each other's border for fishing.

Question 4. Analyze the relations between India and Maldives.

Answer. The relations between India and Maldives are almost completely cordial and we can understand these relations through the following points -

1. The relations between India and Maldives have been very cordial and good. We can understand these relations between India and Maldives through the following points:-

2. In the year 1988, when some mercenary Tamil soldiers from Sri Lanka attacked the Maldives, India took immediate action with the Air Force and Navy and assisted the Maldives.

3. India and Maldives also have very good relations in tourism and fisheries industry and both the countries continue to cooperate with each other in these areas.

4. India has consistently assisted in the economic development of Maldives and has also signed a number of bilateral agreements with it.

5. India has signed four MoUs with Maldives in November 2020 which are as follows

6. Two MoUs have been signed for high impact community development projects.

7. An MoU has been signed between Maldives India on cooperation in sports and youth affairs.

8. An MoU has been signed for a grant of US$ 100 million as a part of India's US$ 500 million package for GMCP (Greater MALE Connectivity Project).

Question 5. Identify the areas for increasing peace and cooperation in the countries of South Asia.

Answer. The following are the main areas for increasing peace and cooperation in the countries of South Asia:

1. To enhance peace and cooperation in South Asia, these countries need to further liberalize free trade.

2. There is an urgent need to adopt a cooperative approach to enhance peace and cooperation in South Asia and also to eradicate poverty and unemployment prevailing in the region.

3. Bilateral disputes are seen in abundance in the countries of South Asia and due to this tension and conflict situation remains in the region, so these countries need to resolve their bilateral disputes expeditiously.

4. Political instability is found in many countries in South Asia, due to which the situation of conflict and tension remains in these countries, so political stability is also needed to establish peace and cooperation in this region.

5. The countries of South Asia are mainly facing a terrible problem which is called terrorism and due to this tension and conflict situation remains in the countries of South Asia. It is necessary to put an end to all forms of

6. It is very important for the countries of South Asia to understand that any of their disputes or issues should be resolved jointly and not with the intervention of any other external power to solve that problem.

Question 6. Why do we need an international organization? Give any four examples.

Answer. Need or need of international organization:- In the present time international organizations have become very necessary and due to these international organization, many disputes and tensions in the world are being resolved peacefully. We can understand the need or need of international organization through the following points:-

1. International organizations play an important role in resolving various types of international disputes and tensions. We also need an international organization because no one country alone can resolve disputes or conflicts at the international level.

2. International organization is also needed by us to put an end to war. International organizations play a decisive role in resolving the situation of conflict by playing the role of mediator in the event of war or war.

3. International organizations are very important and helpful in the economic development of the world. International organization is absolutely necessary for the implementation of plans and policies related to economic assistance and development of various countries at the international level.

4. We also need international organization because the continuous natural disaster and epidemic can be faced only together. International organizations bring all countries on a single platform so that these disasters and epidemics can be combated.

5. The need for international organization is also there so that the spirit of international cooperation can be developed at the global level. International organizations develop the spirit of mutual harmony and fraternity in all the countries of the world so that proper development of all the countries is possible.

6. We also need international organization for different types of global problems because no one country can face such problems alone. For example, global warming is such a problem that every country is suffering and it has come to the fore as a global problem, so we need an international organization that tries to solve this type of problem together.

Question 7. Describe the main objectives and principles of the United Nations Organization.

Answer. Objectives and principles of the United Nations:

1. One of the main objectives and principles of the United Nations is to maintain peace and order at the international level and for this the main objective of the United Nations is to resolve disputes and conflict situations by negotiating with all the countries of the world.

2. The main objective and principle of the United Nations is that it also strives for mutual cooperation and cordial relations between all the countries of the world. The main objective of the United Nations is to maintain cooperative relations among all the countries of the world.

3. One of the main objectives and principles of the United Nations is that it tries to save the world from the Third World War and tries to prevent the possibility of any kind of war and avoids the situation of war. .

4. One of the main objectives and principles of the United Nations is that it tries to do economic cooperation at the global level so that economic relations between all the countries of the world can be mellowed and development of all the countries of the world can be ensured.

5. One of the main objectives and principles of the United Nations is the promotion of human rights and democracy at the international level. The United Nations Organization works for the promotion of democracy in every part of the world and along with this, the United Nations is ready for the country to understand its responsibility towards human rights in each country.

6. One of the objectives and principles of the United Nations is that it tries to stop the arms race in the world and promotes the spirit of disarmament. The United Nations strives for each member country to avoid an arms race and to adopt disarmament.

7. One of the main objectives and principles of the United Nations is to find ways to deal with the problem of global warming, that is, global warming. The United Nations is making every country aware of global warming through a variety of programs and schemes at the global level.

Question 8. Describe the various points causing tension between India and Bangladesh.

Answer. Tension prevails between India and Bangladesh on the following points -

1. Tension also persists between India and Bangladesh regarding the use of water from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers.

2. Illegal refugees from Bangladesh known as Chakmas play a major role in de-stressing the relations between India and Bangladesh.

3. Bangladesh is a major recipient of materials in the defense sector including Chinese military submarines, which is a matter of concern for India.

4. The National Register of Citizens to identify Indian citizens in Assam and Bangladesh have previously expressed concern that relations between the two countries soured.

5. Incidents of hatred and hatred towards Muslims in India affect public perceptions in Bangladesh.

Question 9. What are the criteria set for becoming a permanent or non-permanent member of the UN Security Council?

Answer. Criteria for becoming a permanent or non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council: In view of the increasing demands for a change in the structure of the United Nations, on 1 January 1997, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan, launched an investigation into how reforms should be carried out Example As for whether new members of the Security Council should be elected?

In the years that followed, certain criteria were suggested for permanent and non-permanent membership of the Security Council. Following are some of the criteria that any new member must meet for permanent and non-permanent membership of the Security Council:

1. That country should be a big economic power.

2. The military power of that country should be huge.

3. Contribution of that country should be more in the budget of the United Nations.

4. Be a big country in terms of population.

5. A country that respects democracy and human rights.

6. A country that represents the diversity of the world in terms of its geography, economy and culture.

Question 10. "India is a strong contender for the permanent membership of the Security Council." Analyze the statement.

Answer. India as a claim for permanent membership of the Security Council: India has been advocating reform of the Security Council of the United Nations and India considers itself a strong contender for the permanent membership of the Security Council. The Indian claim for permanent membership of the Security Council can be understood on the basis of the following factors:

1. India comes second in the list of most populated countries of the world and thus India leads a very large population of the world.

2. India is the largest democratic country in the world and the roots of democracy are very strong in India, along with this, India is always serious for human rights and works continuously for its promotion.

3. India is one of the most powerful powers in the world militarily and nuclear power also plays a substantial role to make India the most powerful country.

4. India is one of the fastest growing economy of the world and the GDP rate of India is also growing very fast, so India will emerge as a powerful country in the coming time.

5. India is a geographically distinct country and the Indian Ocean provides a central position to India. Along with this, India is also rich in the field of biodiversity. The culture of India is amazing and India has emerged as a leader in world politics.

6. India is a major country in the budget of the United Nations, and India has been doing this work with full continuity.

Question 11. Analyze the relevance of United Nations Organization in present times.

Answer. Relevance of the United Nations in the present time: The United Nations was established to save the whole world from the Third World War and to establish peace and order in the world. We can understand the relevance of the United Nations in the present times through the following points:

1. Even at present, United Nations Organization is an important international organization which is working for international peace order and international security.

2. The relevance of the United Nations Organization for international economic cooperation is absolutely necessary even at the present time. The United Nations is working to improve economic relations between various member states.

3. We can also understand the relevance of the United Nations in the present time in such a way that it is acting as an important organization in the world to stop the arms race and implement the policy of disarmament.

4. It is even more relevant in the present times in the United Nations because there is an urgent need for nuclear disarmament in the present time and various countries are also making efforts for nuclear power which can be terrible for the whole world.

5. We can also understand the relevance of the United Nations in such a way that no country alone can combat various types of natural disasters and epidemics that are coming in the present time, so we have to deal with these disasters and epidemics at the international level. United Nations is required.

6. Even at the present time, the United Nations is a relevant international organization because this organization is playing a decisive role in saving the whole world from the Third World War and it will not be an exaggeration to say that it is only because of the efforts of the United Nations. The world is left over from the third world war.

7. The United Nations is also a relevant organization in the present time because the United Nations is the only organization that has the ability to challenge American supremacy.

Question 12. "The influence of the US on the decision of the United Nations is clearly visible." Describe the factors showing the conditions of America's influence on the United Nations.

Answer. America's influence on the United Nations: The influence of the United States on the policies and programs of the United Nations can be clearly seen and many factors are responsible for this, some of which are as follows:

1. The influence of the United States on the policies and programs of the United Nations is also seen because the headquarters of the United Nations are located in America and in this way the United States is able to influence the policies and programs of the United Nations .

2. The United States is also able to influence the policies and programs of the United Nations because the majority of the employees working in the United Nations are from America. In this way, America is able to make its impact on the United Nations even on the strength of the workforce.

3. The United States comes first among the countries with the most economic cooperation in the United Nations and for this reason the influence of the United States can be clearly seen on the policies and programs of the United Nations.

4. The influence of the United States of America on the United Nations is also visible to us because the United States is a permanent member of the Security Council and has veto power. Therefore, America uses this veto power according to its interest and influences the policy and decision of the United Nations.

Question 13. What were the objectives behind the establishment of the European Union?

Answer. The European Union is a regional organization on the continent of Europe and is also the most powerful regional organization in the world. The European Union came into existence in the year 1992. The following objectives were included behind the establishment of the European Union -

1. The European Union was established with the objective that the foreign policy of all the countries involved in this organization could be made uniform and security policy could also be decided so that equality could be established in this organization.

2. One of the objectives behind the establishment of the European Union was that mutual disputes and tensions could be resolved peacefully and help in resolving various matters.

3. One of the purposes of the European Union was also to create a common currency of the member countries of this organization, and for this, efforts were also made for the euro currency in many countries of the European Union.

4. The European Union was also established with the aim that all the member countries of this organization could move without any restrictions and visas were not required. Free movement has also been arranged in the countries of the European Union.

Q14. What do you understand by State Reorganization Commission? Describe its major recommendations.

Answer. States Reorganization Commission (SRC) - In the Congress session in the year 1920, the Congress leaders had agreed that after independence the states in India would be formed on the basis of the languages ​​spoken there. After independence, no attention was paid to the creation of states on the basis of languages ​​in India, due to which some South Indian leaders of the Congress got angry and one of them, Gandhian leader Potti Sriramulu, in the year 1952, decided to move the Telugu speaking people from Madras province. About 56 days after Potti Sriramlu died and violent demonstrations started in the area, the government decided to separate Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people from Madras province under these circumstances. The creation of the state was announced.

In order to avoid such situations in future, the government set up a commission called the States Reorganization Commission in the year 1953 to determine the policies related to the reorganization of states in India. Former Supreme Court judge Fazal Ali was made the chairman of this commission and Hridaynath Kunzru and KM Panikar were appointed as its two other members. After completing its tasks related to the reorganization of the states, this commission submitted its report to the Government of India in the year 1955, some of the main points of which were as follows -

1. India's three-tier system of states (A B C) should be abolished.

2. The boundaries of the states in India should be determined on the basis of the languages ​​spoken there.

3. All Union Territories of India should be merged with their surrounding states except Delhi, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar.

The States Reorganization Commission submitted its report to the Government of India in the year 1955 and then the Indian Parliament on the basis of this report passed the States Reorganization Act in the year 1956 and divided the country into 14 states and 6 union territories.

Question 15. Describe any four defects of the Soviet system.

Answer. What are the four major defects of the Soviet system?

1. The main feature of the Soviet system was its better and advanced communication system. The Soviet Union was the country with the best communication systems in the world.

2. The main feature of the Soviet system was also that through this system there was no unemployment in the Soviet Union.

3. A major feature of the Soviet system was that through this system the Soviet Union had done industrial development in its country at a very rapid pace and everything was produced here.

4. One of the features of the Soviet system was that it provided minimum standard of living facilities to all citizens. The government used to make available the items of minimum necessity for every person.

Question 16. Why would South Asia remain a conflict prone area? Explain.

Answer. The term South Asia is used jointly for India Pakistan Nepal Bangladesh Bhutan Sri Lanka and Maldives. There are many reasons for the continuation of conflict in South Asia, some of which are as follows -

1. Bilateral Issues - South Asia will remain an area of ​​conflict and tension as long as there are issues of bilateral dispute in the region. In South Asia, there is mutual tension between India and Pakistan, India and Bangladesh and India and Sri Lanka on many issues, due to which the atmosphere of conflict and tension remains in the region.

2. Terrorist activities - The situation of conflict and tension in South Asia also persists because terrorist activities are encouraged by some countries in this region, due to which there is a situation of mutual conflict and tension in the countries of this region.

3. Lack of mutual cooperation and trust - South Asia will continue to be a conflict prone area because the lack of mutual cooperation and trust between countries in this region is clearly visible. Countries in the region have a skeptical and apprehensive attitude towards each other.

4. Image of India - South Asia will continue to be a conflict prone region because India is the most powerful country in the region. India is far ahead of all the countries in this region in terms of military power, economy, population and area and due to this the behavior of these countries towards India remains apprehensive.

Question 17. Identify and explain any four sources of new security threats.

Answer. Following are the 4 new sources of security threats-

1. Terrorism is a major source of new sources of security threat. Terrorism is an activity in which civilians are subjected to indiscriminate and deliberate violence so as to create an atmosphere of fear in their mind.

2. Global poverty is also a major factor as a source of new security threats. Most of the countries of the world are suffering from the problem of global poverty and due to poverty, adequate infrastructure facilities are not available here.

3. Migration is also an important factor as a source of new security threats. The main reason for the discourse taking place at the global level is better living standards and better health services, but due to this, there is also a situation of conflict in global politics.

4. Disasters and Pandemics - Internationally, many types of diseases and epidemics have created a new type of problem which has emerged as a new source of danger. Epidemics like HIV AIDS, bird flu, swine flu, coronavirus are spreading rapidly all over the world due to migration, tourism, trade and military action.

Question 18. What is meant by security? Mention four components of India's security strategy.

Answer. Security simply means freedom from danger of any kind. It means freedom from grave dangers so that the core values ​​of life are not damaged in any way.

The four main components of India's security strategy are as follows -

1. Strengthening military capability.

2. Strengthening of international institutions and regulations.

3. To prepare to deal with the internal security problems of the country.

4. To strengthen the economy to rid the majority of the citizens of the country from poverty and deprivation.

Q 19. "The Government of India has been participating in global efforts through various programs related to the environment." Give any four examples to support this statement.

Answer. The country of India has always been serious about the environment and the efforts made at the global level have always been appreciated in India. India has made efforts to implement the programs of environmental protection running globally in India, some examples of which are as follows -

1. In India, under its National Auto Fuel Policy, sanitation fuel has been made mandatory for vehicles.

2. India has taken initiative in the field of more efficient use of energy through the Energy Conservation Act in the year 2001.

3. India has given priority to the use of renewable resources of energy through the Electricity Act of 2003.

4. India has promoted the use of clean coal in the country and India is also working on a national mission related to biodiesel.

Question 20. Describe any four cultural effects of globalization.

Answer. Globalization is a multidimensional process with economic, cultural and political effects. The major cultural effects of globalization are as follows:

1. A cultural impact of globalization We have come to see that it has had a bad effect on the originality of the cultures of the world. Globalization has negatively affected the fundamental culture of different countries.

2. Globalization has worked to impose western civilization on the whole world. Western culture and civilization has been assigned through globalization in every part of the world.

3. Cultural variation has also been seen in the cultural effects of globalization. This means that globalization has further enriched the cultures of different countries.

4. We can also look at the cultural effects of globalization in the way that it has led to an increase in food and clothing choices on a global scale.

Question 21. Describe the factors leading to the strained relations between India and Pakistan.

Answer. The major areas showing tension between India and Pakistan are as follows -

1. One of the main reasons for the tense relations between India and Pakistan is the Kashmir issue and this issue is disputed till date, due to which strained relations exist between the two countries.

2. Terrorist incidents across the border between India and Pakistan also play an important factor in increasing the tension.

3. India's propaganda at the international level by Pakistan for the strained relations between India and Pakistan is also considered a major factor in the tension between the two countries.

4. There is also a dispute about the sharing of river water between India and Pakistan, in which there is a dispute especially regarding the water of the Indus river.

5. Issues like Siachen Glacier and Sir Creek are also disputed between India and Pakistan and it increases the tension between the two countries.

6. The economic and military aid given by China to Pakistan also sours the relations between the two countries.