STUDY TIME

 

POLITICAL SCIENCE

CLASS-XII

CHALLENGES OF NATION BUILDING

SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

Question 1. What was the first challenge before India after independence?(1)

Answer. The biggest challenge before India after independence was the challenge of maintaining the unity and integrity of the country.

Question 2. When and by whom was the long-awaited meeting of the bridegroom or the speech called Tryst with Destiny was given? (1)

Answer. The much awaited Tryst with destiny speech was delivered by the first Prime Minister of India Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru on the midnight of 14-15 August.

Question 3. By whom was the theory of dual nationalism given and what was it? (1)

Answer. The principle of dual nationalism was given by the Muslim League party, one of whose main leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah was also responsible for this theory. According to this theory, there are people of two nationalities in India Muslim and non-Muslim (Hindu), so India should be divided into two countries and a country named Pakistan should be made for Muslims.

Question 4. Name the leader of the freedom movement who is known as Frontier Gandhi? (1)

Answer. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan is also known as Frontier Gandhi.

Question 5. At the time of the partition of India in 1947, which two provinces were divided on the basis of religion?(1)

Answer. Due to the partition after India's independence in 1947, the provinces of Punjab and Bengal were divided on the basis of religion.

Question 6. Name the leader who played a historical role in persuading the princely states to join the Indian Union.(1)

Answer. There were about 565 princely states at the time of India's independence. The role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was very important in persuading and convincing their kings to include these princely states in India.

Question 7. Who was Potti Sriramulu and what was the result of his indefinite hunger strike? (1)

Answer. Potti Sriramulu was a prominent freedom fighter and Gandhian leader. He started an indefinite hunger strike in the year 1952 to demand a separate state for the Telugu speaking people from Madras province, due to which he died after 56 days. After this the government formed the first state of India Andhra Pradesh on the basis of language.

Q8. What do you understand by Merger Letter or Instrument of Accession? (1)

Answer. The Instrument of Accession, was a type of legal document on the basis of which the princely states were signed and incorporated into India.

Question 9. On which two things did everyone agree after independence? (1)

Answer. After independence, all the leaders and parties of India agreed on these two things-

1. Governance system will be run in India from democratic system.

2. Uniform policies will be made for all classes so that equal development of all classes is possible.

Question 10. After independence, in which state of India the first elections were held? (1)

Answer. After independence, elections were held for the first time in the year 1948 in the Indian state of Manipur.

Question 11. What are the three major challenges that India faced at the time of independence? (4)

Answer. India got independence in the year 1947 and India had to face some major challenges as soon as it became independent. The circumstances under which we got freedom were quite unfavorable. At the time of independence, India had to face the following challenges-

1. Challenge to Create Unity and Integrity - At the time of independence, India had to face a great challenge of maintaining unity and integrity. At the time of independence, India first had to face partition and after that India had to do the big task of incorporating 565 princely states into the Indian Union and keeping all the states of India in India and building a united India. The territorial integrity and unity of India was in danger due to the demand for new states in South India and various types of separatist movement in other regions of India. On the basis of India's cultural diversity and language, there was a lot of difference in people, so uniting all Indians and tying them in the thread of unity was a big question.

2. Establishing Democracy - After attaining independence, India implemented its constitution and declared India a democratic country in the constitution. It was decided in the Indian Constitution that the form of government would be democratic and parliamentary system of government would be adopted in India. Fundamental rights were guaranteed to all the people of India and adult franchise was also arranged. In this way it was decided that representative democracy would be established in India on the basis of parliamentary system of government, but the biggest question was how to establish this democratic system in every part of India and how to make the people of India democratic. Familiarize yourself with the governance system and ensure their participation.

3. Challenge of development based on equality - At the time of independence, one of the biggest challenges before India came in the form of the challenge of development of all the people based on equality. The policies of development should be set in such a way that the welfare of any one section of the society is not good, but the welfare of the whole society can be done. It was decided in the Indian Constitution that everyone in the country should be treated equally and socially disadvantaged and religious cultural minorities should also be given special protection.

In the Indian Constitution, through the Directive Principles of State Policy, the public welfare principles of the society were also arranged so that the government could fulfill the work of public welfare by implementing these principles from time to time. At the time of independence, now a big challenge before the government was how to decide the development strategies so that due to the tragedy of the partition, not only one section develops, but all sections of the society develop equally through these plans. as far as possible.

Question 12. What do you understand by State Reorganization Commission? Describe its major recommendations. (4)

Answer. States Reorganization Commission (SRC) - In the Congress session in the year 1920, the Congress leaders had agreed that after independence the states in India would be formed on the basis of the languages ​​spoken there. After independence, no attention was paid to the creation of states on the basis of languages ​​in India, due to which some South Indian leaders of the Congress got angry and one of them, Gandhian leader Potti Sriramulu, in the year 1952, decided to move the Telugu speaking people from Madras province. After about 56 days, Potti Sriramlu died and started a fast unto death to demand a separate state. Violent demonstrations started in this area, in these circumstances the government announced the creation of a separate state Andhra Pradesh for Telugu speaking people from Madras province.

In order to avoid such situations in future, the government set up a commission called the States Reorganization Commission in the year 1953 to determine the policies related to the reorganization of states in India. Former Supreme Court judge Fazal Ali was made the chairman of this commission and Hridaynath Kunzru and KM Panikar were appointed as its two other members. After completing its tasks related to the reorganization of the states, this commission submitted its report to the Government of India in the year 1955, some of the main points of which were as follows-

1. India's three-tier system of states (A B C) should be abolished.

2. The boundaries of the states in India should be determined on the basis of the languages ​​spoken there.

3. All Union Territories of India should be merged with their surrounding states except Delhi, Manipur and Andaman and Nicobar.

The States Reorganization Commission submitted its report to the Government of India in the year 1955 and then the Indian Parliament on the basis of this report passed the States Reorganization Act in the year 1956 and divided the country into 14 states and 6 union territories.

Question 13. Explain any three consequences of division.(6)

Answer. The partition of India took place in the year 1947 in the form of India and Pakistan. India had to face the horrors of partition as soon as India gained independence, after being divided into India and Pakistan, India had to face the following consequences –

1. Refugee Resettlement - The partition of India and Pakistan on the basis of religion in the year 1947 was a very tragic decision. This horror of Partition gave rise to a big problem of resettlement of refugees, due to which thousands of refugees started coming to Delhi every day. These people had to come to India due to the genocide, looting, rape and sabotage taking place in Pakistan and a feeling of hatred was being born in the mind of these people. The arrival of such a large number of refugees every day had brought to the fore a very serious problem because the country was facing economic backwardness at that time and in such a situation, these people were also in dire need of rehabilitation.

2. Communal Riots - The biggest tragedy of the partition of India and Pakistan came in the form of Hindu-Muslim riots. After the partition of India, Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in cities like Lahore, Amritsar and Calcutta and these riots caused huge damage to the people and converted these cities into communal arena. Due to the Hindu-Muslim riots, a feeling of jealousy was born in the minds of the people and the Muslim people had left the Hindu majority areas and the Hindus had left the Muslim majority areas. After the partition of India, the communal riots deeply hurt the minds of the people and due to these riots a large number of minority people left their homes.

3. Migration of Population - Partition of India resulted in the transfer of huge amount of population from one place to another and this transfer proved to be completely unplanned, chaotic, accidental, and full of tragedy. After partition, a large number of people were killed on the basis of religion, in this way not only the division of wealth, liabilities and assets took place but also the division of two communities took place in a violent manner.

Question 14. Analyze the contribution of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the integration of the princely states.(6)

Answer. With the declaration of India's independence, it was also declared that India and Pakistan would become two countries and different types of princely states would have the freedom to meet or remain independent in India or Pakistan. Thus the inclusion of the princely states in India was a very big question. At the time of independence, there were 565 princely states in India and the inclusion of these princely states in India was an inevitable question. No one other than Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was seen to include the princely states in India and hardly anyone could have done this work better than him. We can try to understand the role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the integration of the princely states through the following points –

1. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a very big politician and activist of the Indian freedom struggle. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel successfully led the Kheda Satyagraha in the year 1918 and the Bardoli Satyagraha in the year 1928 and achieved success in non-violent demonstrations against the British Government.

2. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of independent India and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a successful barrister and senior leader of the Indian National Congress who is also known as Loh Purush.

3. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was also known as a successful advocate and he helped the refugees of Punjab and Delhi who came from Pakistan after partition and also made every effort to establish peace.

4. After the independence of India, a very big and complex question of the integration of the princely states in India had come to the fore, and in such a situation, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel went ahead and persuaded all these 565 princely states to be merged into India.

5. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel had agreed to merge most of the princely states into India even before independence due to his wisdom, diplomacy, politics, skill and foresight.

6. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was not in favor of compromising on anything for the territorial integrity and unity of Indian and that is why he used all kinds of strategies to persuade the princely states and all the kings to join India. agreed.

7. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was a very influential leader whom we call a true nationalist, catalyst and realist. Due to these principles of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, today we are able to see a united and united India.

8. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is also called the architect of Indian unity and to honor him, the Government of India also built the world's largest statue in the name of Statue of Unity, which is located in Gujarat. This statue was unveiled by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 31 October 2018 and this statue is about 182 meters high.

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played his important and effective role in the inclusion of all the princely states in India and built a united India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel had to face a lot of problem in the integration of the princely states of Kashmir, Junagadh, Manipur and Hyderabad into India and these princely states joined India later.