STUDY TIME

PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION-II (2021-22)

(Evening Shift)

(SOLVED QUESTION PAPER)

(ENGLISH MEDIUM)

CLASS-XII (TERM II)

SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE (028)

Time Allowed: 2 Hours                                       Maximum Marks : 40

 

General Instructions:

1. The question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C.

2. Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each.

3. Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted accordingly.

4. Section C has 2 questions of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 170 words each.

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(Section-A)

Question 1. Write the name of any organisations of "New Centre of Power".                                                                                              2

Answer. The names of the four main organizations of power are as follows -

1. EU, 2. ASEAN, 3. SAARC, 4. BRICS.

OR

Write any four objectives of the formation of European union.1/2x4=2

Answer. Following are the main objectives of the formation of the European Union

1. Creating a uniform foreign policy and security policy.

2. To cooperate on matters relating to internal affairs and justice of the member states.

3. Movement of a common currency among the member countries.

4. To provide visa free movement between member countries.

5. To strengthen economic relations among all the members and to make mutual economic relations sweet.

Question 2. Why was ASEAN established?                                     2

Answer. The following were the objectives behind the establishment of ASEAN on 8 August 1967-

1. To accelerate the economic development of all the members.

2. To expand the principles and objectives of the United Nations.

3. To maintain peace and order among all the members and to resolve disputes.

4. To provide a forum for international dialogue and efforts for global peace.

5. To promote free trade among all member countries.

Question 3. Write the full form of WSF. Which functions are performed under it?                                                                     2

Answer. W.S.F. The full form of is World Social Forum (World Social Forum). It is a worldwide forum of opposition to neo-liberal globalization. This forum has the following workers -

1. This platform works for human rights.

2. Works for environmental protection on a global scale.

3. This forum is also a worker to protect the interests of the workers.

4. In the context of women's rights and their protection, this forum is also activist.

Question 4. What do you know no about coalition government?2

Answer. Coalition Government - When no political party in a democratic country gets majority after the results of the election, then in such a situation, two or more parties together form the government by agreeing on some issues, it is called coalition government. .

Describe the Economic effects of Globalisation.                           2

Answer. Some of the major economic effects of globalization are as follows -

1. Globalization has seen a reduction in import restrictions.

2. Due to globalization, there has been a huge increase in trade in the world.

3. Economic inequality has also increased due to globalization.

 

Question 6. Write the literal meaning of "SAFTA" and describe its two purposes.                                                                                           2

Answer. SAFTA literally means - South Asian Free Trade Agreement. Following are the two main objectives of SAFTA -

1. The objective of this agreement is to remove the barriers in the field of free trade.

2. To minimize or eliminate trade and tariff restrictions.

Question 7. What's meant by National Emergency? Under which article was the national emergency of 18 months imposed India?2

Answer. National Emergency - When there is a possibility of external aggression or armed rebellion on a country, then a national emergency is imposed in the country under Article 352 of the Indian Constitution. On 25 June 1975, a national emergency was imposed in the name of internal disturbance in India under Article 352. This emergency was in force for 18 months.

What is meant by new economic policy?                                        2

Answer. New Economic Policy - New economic policy was announced in the year 1991 for economic reforms in India. Liberalization, privatization and globalization were adopted through this policy. In the year 1991, the government of PV Narasimha Rao under the leadership of Finance Minister Manmohan Singh announced a new economic policy and this policy has been going on continuously since then.

 

(Section-B)

Question 9. Is "ASEAN" relevant in present times? Explain.   4

answer. ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 by 5 countries through the Bangkok Declaration. Even today, ASEAN remains a very important regional organization. We can understand the current relevance of ASEAN through the following points -

1. ASEAN is currently working on creating a free trade zone in terms of investment, labor services, and it has also achieved great success in this area.

2. We can also see the relevance of ASEAN in such a way that fast growing economies like China and India are showing great interest in trade and investment with ASEAN.

3. The way ASEAN has gained fame through ASEAN style, in fact it is absolutely needed even in the present times so that the atmosphere of peace and security is maintained in the world.

4. ASEAN, through its forum, has provided a forum for world powers to discuss political and security matters several times and there is always a need for such a forum.

5. ASEAN believes in the principles and objectives of the United Nations and works for its promotion and we also need such regional organizations which carry out such work.

 

 

Question 10. What is Integral Humanism? Who propounded this idea? Explain.                                                                                           4

Answer. Integral Humanism - Integral humanism is a concept or ideology under which indigenous socioeconomic paradigm has been propounded and under it man is the only center of development. It is and should be necessary to ensure a dignified and dignified life for every individual by establishing a synergy between the needs of the individual and the society.

Integral humanism advocates sustainable consumption of natural resources so that these resources can be replenished. The concept of unitary humanism was propounded by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay who was also a great philosopher, sociologist, economist and politician.

Question 11. In the given political map of South Asia, four countries are marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify these countries on the basis of the information given below and write in your answer sheet their correct names along with the respective serial numbers and respective letters of the information used in the format as follows –

(i) The country where SAARC is headquartered.

(ii) The country where the Thirteenth SAARC Summit took place.

(iii) Which country was agreed to be included in SAARC in 2005?

(iv) The country with which India boycotted the conference in 2016.

Sr. Number of the Information used	Related Alphabet	Name of Country
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)

उत्तर.

Sr. Number of the Information used	Related Alphabet	Name of Country
(i)	B	NEPAL
(ii)	A	BANGLADEHS
(iii)	C	AFGANISTAN
(iv)	D	PAKISTAN

 

Note : This question is only for Visually Impaired candidates.

Question 11.(a) "The nature of Congress was that of a social and ideological coalition." justify.                                                         4

Answer. Congress party is one of the oldest political party in India. This political party has also played an important contribution in the independence of India. From the very beginning the nature of Congress was of a social and ideological alliance which we can understand through the following points -

1. Farmers and industrialists, city citizens and village workers and owners, as well as the middle class, lower class and upper class and people of all caste groups got a place in the Congress party.

2. In the Congress party, we saw that it included the extremists and the moderates and the right wing and the left as well as the middle path, thus it was a mixed social and party with different views.

3. This social and all-inclusive policy of the Congress Party brought tremendous success to the Congress and presented a huge challenge to the opposition parties at that time.

4. Under the Congress party, the representation of different groups of sections was available and women also participated in the Congress party with great enthusiasm and were able to present their ideas and ideologies through the Congress party.

(Section-C)

Question 12. Critically evaluate the role and limitations of SAARC in paving the way for economic cooperation among the countries of South Asia.                                                                                           6

Answer. SAARC was established in December 1985 to maintain and enhance economic relations and peace order among the countries of South Asia. At present there are 8 members in SAARC. SAARC has done a lot in preparing the way for economic cooperation among the countries of South Asia, which we can understand through the written points -

1. SAARC in its 12th Summit held in January 2004 signed the Free Trade Agreement from the South, also known as SAFTA, and implemented it from January 2006.

2. The main objective of the South Asian Free Trade Agreement is to remove barriers to free trade in the countries of South Asia and to promote free trade.

3. SAARC has adopted a new liberal policy in South Asia, seeking to eliminate all forms of restrictions on trade and promontory, which has benefited all member countries.

4. The member countries of SAARC have established three technical and economic cooperation ventures in the Bay of Bengal by forming BIMSTEC, through which trade and investment have increased.

Thus we can say that SAARC has played an important role in economic cooperation among the South Asian countries.

Criticism: SAARC has played an important role in establishing free trade and economic cooperation among the countries of South Asia through its efforts but it still has many shortcomings which we can understand as follows -

1. Due to mutual differences between the member countries of SAARC, the objectives of SAARC are not being achieved in which estrangement between India and Pakistan is failing its economic objectives.

2. SAARC, like the mother of other regional organizations of the world, has to widen its role so that it can achieve its economic objective. At present, it is finding it difficult to achieve its objectives.

3. SAARC will have to issue its flag, its song and its founding day as well as one of its currency, like the European Union, so that its influence can be widespread.

4. Many types of differences are seen between the countries of South Asia and the obvious effect of these differences is visible in the failure of SAARC objectives.

OR

What do you know about Maldives, a SAARC member. Describe India-Maldives relations.                                                           2+4=6

Answer. Maldives: Maldives is a small island country in South Asia. It is also a neighboring country of India and a member country of SAARC. The rule of the Sultanate was established in the Maldives till the year 1968, after which the republic system was adopted here and the presidential system of government was established. In June 2005, Maldives adopted the multi-party political system of democracy and established democracy as a reality. MDP The political party has dominance and control in the political affairs of the Maldives.

Relations between Maldives and India: India and Maldives have very cordial and good relations, both countries are peace loving countries and the political objectives of both the countries are the same. We can understand the relations between India and Maldives through the following points -

1. In the year 1988, India had sent its army to Maldives so that the military conspiracy there could not be successful and in this way India had helped Maldives.

2. The trade and economic relations between India and Maldives are also very good. There is a lot of trade of goods between the two countries.

3. India has also provided special assistance to Maldives in economic development, tourism and fisheries industry.

4. India and Maldives have signed four agreements in the year 2020 which shows that very cordial and good relations are still established between the two countries.

Question 13. Describe any three factors for the rise of coalition governments.                                                                                       6

Answer. Coalition Government: When a political party does not get a clear majority after the result of the election, then in such a situation, two or more political parties together form the government which is called coalition government. What are some of the major factors for the rise of coalition government in India?

1. Weakening of National Political Parties: Since the 1980s in Indian politics, it has been seen that the national level political parties started becoming relatively weak and many factors were also responsible for this, such as split amongst themselves and leaders. Due to lack of unanimity, the political parties became very weak. As a result, no party could get a clear majority in the Lok Sabha elections and they had to take the help of various regional parties to form the government. So we can say that weakening of national political parties is a major factor in coalition politics in India.

2. Rise and Importance of Regional Political Parties: In the 1980s, the period of rise of regional political parties started in Indian politics and gradually these regional political parties established special influence in their respective regions and for this they are scheduled. The issues of caste, tribe and other backward classes helped. Regional political parties because of their influence influenced the public opinion in the Lok Sabha elections and also got some seats which were very important in the formation of the government and these political parties started playing their important role in the formation of the government.

3. Rise of Opportunistic Politics: Indian politics has witnessed socio-economic and political changes since 1990 in which caste politics and politics of religion and sect have provided opportunities for regional political parties to do opportunistic politics and they have taken this opportunity. By taking advantage, he strengthened his role in government formation.

OR

What is good governance? What programs are being run by the present central government of India with the aim of establishing good governance?                                                                     2+4=6

Answer. Good Governance: A system of governance under which priority is given to public welfare works and efforts are made to establish a quality and value based system in governance, which is called good governance. At present, the National Democratic Alliance, under the leadership of the Bharatiya Janata Party, raised the issue of good governance and formed the government with a huge majority by giving the slogan of Sabka Saath, Sabka Vishwas. At present, the central government tries to run its public welfare work and policies for that good governance and development, the main examples of which are as follows -

1. Swachh Bharat Abhiyan - A very big effort of the Government of India, which launched a campaign for cleanliness and cleanliness in India, through which information and awareness was provided to every citizen that for India to develop, cleanliness has to be made a campaign And it has to make its contribution.

2. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme: The Government of India, following its path of good governance, started an important scheme named Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme and under this scheme special provisions have been made for women's education in India.

3. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana: Under the Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, the Indian government will provide free LPG gas connections to women in the country so that they do not face any problem in cooking.

4. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana: Through this scheme, the Government of India has planned to open an account in the bank to provide banking facilities to every family of the country so that every person can keep his money in banks safe and use it.

5. Kisan Fasal Bima Yojana: The Government of India has started this scheme in the form of giving financial help to the farmers in case of loss of their crops. Many farmers of the country have also applied to take advantage of this scheme and this is a very good effort of the Government of India.

6. Ayushman Bharat Scheme: Ayushman Bharat Scheme is such a scheme of the Government of India, under which the financially weak people in India have to provide security related insurance so that they do not face any kind of health problems.

7. Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana: The objective of this scheme is to provide electricity supply to agricultural and non-agricultural consumers in rural areas in India so that they can use them judiciously.