STUDY TIME

PRACTICE QUESTION PAPER

2021-2022

CLASS-XII

TERM II

SUB: POLITICAL SCIENCE                 M.M.40

TIME: 2 HOURS

Instructions:

1. The question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C.

2. Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each.

3. Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted accordingly.

4. Section C has 2 questions of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 170 words each.

(Section-A)

1. What is meant by defection?                           2

Answer. Defection - Defection means when a candidate contests an election under a political party and wins the election, after that if that candidate or representative leaves his political party and joins any other party for his personal gain, then it is called defection. is called.

OR

State any two differences between a one party system and a multi party system.

Answer. One Party System When only one political party exists in a country and forms the government by contesting elections, then such a country is called a country with one party system. In a one party system, the people have no choice. One party system is found in China, Russia and North Korea.

Multi-party system When more than two political parties exist in a country and try to form the government by contesting elections, then such a country is called a country with multi-party system. In a multi-party system, people have more than one option. Multi-party system is found in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

2. What is ASEAN Style?                                       2

Answer. ASEAN is a rapidly growing regional organization of countries in South Asia. ASEAN has set a new example of informal, non-confrontational and cooperative reconciliation and has earned fame in the world. It is addressed in the ASEAN style. Respect for national sovereignty has been very important in the working of ASEAN.

3. Give two reasons for the failure of democratic government in Pakistan.                                      2

Answer. The main two reasons for the success of democracy in Pakistan are as follows

1. Military interference or interference in the functioning of the government is often seen in Pakistan and the army tries to influence the work of the government, the result of which we have seen many times in the form of military rule.

2. Big landowners and landlords are very influential in Pakistan and they influence the elected representatives of the government and the government tries to change the policies of the government according to them which is considered a great threat to democracy .

4. Highlight any two causes of globalization. 2

Answer. The main reasons for globalization are as follows

1. The technological revolution in the world made globalization inevitable, due to which all the countries of the world came closer to each other.

2. The need for fast growing trade has also played an important role in necessitating globalization.

3. All the countries of the world have come close to each other and connected for the solution of various types of natural calamities and epidemics, which has made globalization possible.

Question 5. When did the era of Coalition Governments at the Center begin? What was the name of the coalition that formed the government in 1989?                                     2

Answer. The era of coalition governments at the center is considered to be from 1989. In 1989, the National Front formed a coalition government.

Question 6. Why was the fourth general election called the earthquake of politics?   2

Answer. The general election of 1967 is called the earthquake of politics because for the first time the Congress party could not form the government in 9 states of India, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Bihar, West Bengal, Orissa, Madras and Kerala and had to face defeat.

Question 7. What were the objectives behind the establishment of ASEAN in 1967?             2

Answer. ASEAN was established on 8 August 1967 and currently has 10 members. The following were the objectives behind the establishment of ASEAN

1. To encourage free trade and increase trade among ASEAN member countries.

2. To reduce disputes and tensions among ASEAN member states and to promote cooperation and reconciliation.

3. To follow the principles of the United Nations and to propagate its principles.

Question 8. State any two reasons for the dominance of the Congress party in the first 3 general elections of India. 2

Answer. In the first 3 general elections of India, there was dominance or dominance of the Congress party, behind which the following factors are responsible-

1. The success of the Congress party in the first three general elections was because it was an old political party and no other political party was older than it.

2. Due to the contribution of the Congress party in the freedom movement, this party also got the support of the people, due to which it used to win the elections easily.

3. The nationwide network or network of the Congress Party also played an important role in making the Congress Party win the elections. The reach of the Congress party was to every part of India.

4. The Congress party included big stalwarts and influential leaders of the country at that time such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, K. Kamaraj, Morarji Desai, Jagjivan Ram, Vallabhbhai Patel etc. Because of these leaders, it was easy for the Congress party to win the election.

5. During the first three general elections of India, no strong opposition party was present at that time due to which the Congress party did not face any kind of special opposition and hence it easily won the election.

 

(Section-B)

Question 9. Explain any four factors that make the European Union an effective organization.4

Answer.

The European Union

1. After the Second World War, America established the European Organization for Economic Cooperation to provide financial aid to Western Europe under the Marshall Plan.

2. The process of economic integration of European capitalist countries proceeded systematically and in the year 1949, the European Council was created.

3. This council was later transformed into the European Economic Community in the year 1957 and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1992, the European Union was established after the Maastricht Treaty.

4. The European Union also has its own flag, national anthem, foundation day and currency. The European Union was the largest economy in the world until 2005. The EU's GDP in 2005 was approximately $12 trillion.

Question 10. Explain any two positive and any two negative effects of globalization.              4

Answer. Globalization is a process in which there is free flow of goods, capital, labor and ideas. There are positive and negative effects of globalization on the whole world which are as follows-

Positive Effects of Globalization - Some of the major positive effects of globalization are as follows –

1. Due to globalization, there has been a tremendous increase in trade all over the world, that is, due to globalization, there has been a benefit due to which the trade of all the countries has become much more than before.

2. An effect due to globalization has also been seen that due to this there has been a tremendous change in the standard of living of the people than before. The standard of living of the people has become much better than before which shows the positive impact of globalization.

3. A positive effect of globalization has also been seen that now people have increased the number of choices of things and food. Before globalization, there were limited amount of food and drink options.

Negative Effects of Globalization - Globalization is a multi-dimensional process, it has various effects. Some of the negative effects of globalization are as follows

1. Due to globalization, there has been a continuous increase in economic inequality. In many countries of the world, due to globalization, economic inequality has increased very fast i.e. the rich have become richer and the poor have become poorer.

2. The negative effects of globalization have also been seen that due to this there has not been an equal flow of labor and capital i.e. developed countries have benefited in capital investment but have stopped the flow of labor through strict visa policy.

3. A negative effect of globalization has also been seen that due to the advent of big multinational companies, small businessmen and companies have suffered huge amounts and have almost reached the verge of ruin.

Question 11. The map given below shows 4 countries A, B, C and D. Identify these countries on the basis of the information given below and write their correct names, serial numbers of the information used and related alphabets in your answer sheet in the form of tables.

(a) The country which was formed in 1971.

(b) The country where the ethnic conflict took place.

(c) The country where there was military rule for most of the time after independence.

(d) The country which has the largest democracy in the world.

Sr. Number of the information used	Alphabet concerned	Name of Country
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

 

Answer.

Sr. Number of the information used	Alphabet concerned	Name of Country
(a)	A	BANGLADESH
(b)	C	PAKISTAN
(c)	D	SHRILANKA
(d)	B	INDIA

 

This question is for Visually impaired candidates only in lieu of question no.

11 (A). Write a note on the establishment of democracy in Nepal.                                             4

Answer. Nepal is a small peace loving country in South Asia. Monarchy was established in Nepal from the beginning, but after 1990, the demand for democracy in Nepal started which was completed in the year 2006. We can understand the process of establishment of democracy in Nepal through the following points-

1. Constitutional monarchy was established in Nepal and people in the country had been demanding more open and responsible governance but the king had taken full control over the governance with the help of army and did not allow democratic system to be established.

2. In the year 1990, a movement in support of democracy started in Nepal and due to this movement, the king accepted the demand of the constitution and on the other hand the Maoists had started making their impact in Nepal.

3. The Maoists were against the king and the ruling elite. So there was a triangular fight between Raja's army, Maoists and pro-democracy as a result of which in the year 2002 Raja dissolved the parliament and dismissed the government.

4. In the year 2006, there were demonstrations in support of countrywide democracy in Nepal and the supporters of democracy got the first victory when King Gyanendra restored the Parliament which was dissolved in the year 2002, this movement was led by 7 parties did it together.

5. In Nepal in 2008, monarchy was completely abolished and Nepal was declared a democratic republic and in the year 2015, a new constitution has also been adopted in Nepal. The Maoists have accepted their representation in the government leaving the path of struggle and have shown a sense of dedication for the development of Nepal.

 

(Section-C)

Question 12. Write any 6 consequences of the National Emergency that was imposed in India on 25 June 1975.                                               6

Answer. Emergency was declared on 25 June 1975 in the name of internal unrest in India. Various consequences of this national emergency were seen which are as follows-

1. After the declaration of emergency, all the opposition leaders were imprisoned and in this way the government tried to remove all its opposition leaders from its path.

2. After the declaration of emergency, censorship was imposed on the press in the country, this meant that now no newspaper or news channel could publish any kind of news or news without the permission of the government.

3. After the declaration of emergency, it was also seen that organizations named Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Jamaat-e-Islami were banned and they were stopped from doing any kind of activity.

4. Any kind of dharna, demonstration or strike in the country was completely banned. As a result of the declaration of emergency, now any such activity was strictly prohibited.

5. An effect of the declaration of emergency was also seen that all the fundamental rights of the citizens were suspended and the fundamental rights became ineffective.

6. The government arrested political activists through the Preventive Detention Act and also placed many people under house arrest under this law.

7. After the declaration of emergency, the newspapers Indian Express and the Statesman in the country, which were prevented from publishing, left their blanks and thus these newspapers showed their protest.

8. Journals like Seminar and Main Stream stopped their publication after the declaration of emergency.

9. After the declaration of Emergency, Kannada writer Shivaram Karat and Hindi writer Phanishwar Nath Renu returned their titles to the government in protest against the Emergency.

10. Through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment (1976), many changes have been made in the constitution such that any dispute related to the election of the Prime Minister, President and Vice President could not be challenged in court and the term of the legislature was increased from 5 years. 6 years was done.

OR

Question. Highlight any three issues on which there is wide consensus among most of the political parties of India.

Answer. We often see that in democratic politics there is an environment of conflict and debate among the political parties and all the political parties are seen opposing each other. It is commonly seen in India too, but there are some issues on which almost all political parties agree. Following are some of the major issues-

1. Representation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes : We have seen in India that all the political parties are in complete agreement that people belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes should be included in the Indian political process in any way whatsoever. So, participation can be increased. All political parties want that these classes should get equal representation in Indian politics and the participation of these classes of people in governance should increase.

2. New Economic Policy: The New Economic Policy was adopted in India in the year 1991 and through this policy, processes like globalization, liberalization and privatization were included in the Indian economy. The objective of the new economic policy was to increase economic development at a rapid pace in India and it was also aimed at increasing the possibilities of investment in India and rapid growth in trade. Most of the political parties of India fully agree that new economic policy is necessary for the rapid economic development of India and there is also a constant need to do proper work in this direction.

3. Importance of Regional Parties: Most of the political parties in India also agree that regional parties have a very special importance in government formation and this importance has increased tremendously since 1989 at the Centre. All political parties Jai believes that special importance has to be given to these regional parties because they play a special role in the formation of government, whether at the state level or at the central level.

Question 13. How did the Congress split in 1969 as a result of mutual factionalism between the Syndicate and Indira Gandhi?                                 6

Answer. The Congress split in 1969 and a major factor behind this was the wide-ranging differences between Indira Gandhi and the Syndicate. We can call the split of the Congress party in 1969 as the result of factionalism between Indira Gandhi and the Syndicate. The following circumstances were responsible for the split of Congress in 1969-

1. An important factor for the split of the Congress party in 1969 was that Indira Gandhi did not give enough importance to the syndicate leaders, due to which the leaders of the syndicate remained angry with Indira Gandhi and finally this resentment after the split of the Congress party in 1969 Could get away

2. Indira Gandhi's socialist policies have also been a responsible factor behind the split of the Congress party in 1969. Indira Gandhi wanted to implement these socialist policies while the opinion of the Syndicate was completely different from her.

3. The split of the Congress party in 1969 also happened because there were a lot of differences between the leaders of the syndicate and the youth leaders. There was a deep rift between the influential and experienced leaders of the syndicate and both did not agree with each other's opinion.

4. Indira Gandhi wanted to nationalize banks and she also nationalized banks in 1969 but Indira Gandhi did not agree with the syndicate leaders for nationalization of banks and the syndicate leaders were not satisfied with this decision of Indira Gandhi.

5. After independence in India, some privileges were given to the kings of the princely states, which are called privy purses. Indira Gandhi wanted to abolish this privilege rule i.e. Privy Purse but the then External Affairs Minister Morarji Desai did not agree that the Privy Purse should be abolished.

6. In the year 1969, presidential elections were to be held in the country and the official candidate from Congress in this election was Neelam Sanjiva Reddy. Everyone was convinced that Neelam Sanjiva Reddy would easily win the election and become the President of the country, but a statement by Indira Gandhi in which she fielded VV Giri as the candidate for the post of President won the Presidential election. After that the split of the Congress party became inevitable.

7. The expulsion of Indira Gandhi from the Congress Party eventually became the ultimate cause of the split of the Congress Party. The syndicate expelled Indira Gandhi from the Congress party after the presidential election, thus splitting the Congress party into two, with Congress (R) being represented by Indira Gandhi and Congress (O) represented by the syndicate.

OR

Question 13. Explain the factors responsible for the growth of Chinese economy.                        6

Answer. China is currently one of the largest economies in the world. China is developing very fast and according to one estimate it will become the largest and most developed economy in the world in the coming few years. Some of the factors responsible for the growth of Chinese economy are as follows-

1. China tried to improve its relations with America in the year 1972 and ended its political and economic isolation and with this policy, China made its economic development very fast.

2. In the year 1973, Prime Minister Chou En Lai made four proposals for modernization in the field of agriculture, industry service and science technology. After this modernization proposal, China started its development very rapidly.

3. China's economic development started very fast in the year 1978 after the economic reform and open door policy by Deng Xiaoping. The Open Door Policy of 1978 began to accelerate the pace of China's economic development, and we are still seeing its results.

4. Farming was privatized in China in the year 1982 and due to this, there was a very rapid development in the field of agriculture in China, which also contributed greatly to the development of the country.

5. In the year 1998, industries were privatized in China. Along with this, special economic zones were created in China whose purpose was to promote foreign investment and accelerate the development of the country.

6. China decided to join the World Trade Organization in the year 2001 to increase its economic development and in this way China has done a special task of connecting its economy with other economies of the world, which gives it the advantage of rapid economic growth. As seen.