STUDY TIME

PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION-II (2021-22)

(Morning Shift)

CLASS-XII (TERM II)

(SOLVED QUESTION PAPER)

SUBJECT: POLITICAL SCIENCE (028)

Time Allowed: 2 Hours                                    Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

1. The question paper has 3 Sections A, B & C.

2. Section A has 8 questions of 2 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 50 words each.

3. Section B has 3 questions of 4 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 100 words each. Answer of map question should be attempted accordingly.

4. Section C has 2 questions of 6 marks each. Answer to these questions should be completed within 170 words each.

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(Section-A)

Question.1 Describe any two major pillars of the ASEAN community.                                                                                         2

Answer. There are three main pillars of ASEAN community which are as follows -

1. ASEAN Economic Community.

2. ASEAN Security Community.

3. ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.

  OR

When did China and confinement? Describe any two changes that took place after that.                                                                           2

Answer. China ended its political and economic isolation in 1972 by restoring its relations with the US. The following changes were seen after the end of China's confinement -

1. In 1973, Prime Minister Chou En Lai carried out modernization in the field of agriculture, industry service and science technology.

2. In the year 1978, the then leader Deng Xiapeng announced economic reforms and a policy of open doors.

3. Agriculture was privatized in the year 1982.

Question.2 For what purposes "BRICS" was established? Explain. 2

Answer. Following are the main objectives of establishment of BRICS-

1. To act as a bridge for backward and developing countries.

2. To work for cooperation and mutual economic benefit among the member countries.

3. Establishing global peace and advancing political dialogue.

4. Industries were privatized in the year 1998.

Question.3 Describe the cultural effects of globalisation.          2

Answer. The major cultural effects of globalization are as follows:

1. There has been an increase in the choices of food and drink.

2. Western civilization and culture has been imposed all over the world.

3. The originality of culture has been badly affected.

Question.4 What do you understand by multi party system?   2

Answer. Multi-party system: When more than two political parties exist in a country and try to form the government by contesting elections, then such system is called multi-party system. Multi-party political systems are found in countries like India and Sri Lanka.

Question.5 Write about the salient feature of globalisation. 2

Answer. The main features of globalization are as follows -

1. Under globalization there is free flow of capital goods and ideas.

2. Due to globalization, the whole world has become a global village.

3. Globalization has reduced import restrictions and increased trade.

4. Globalization has promoted an open and capitalist system.

Question.6 On what basis do the Leftist oppose Globalisation? 2

Answer. The following arguments are given by the left in opposition to globalization -

1. The leftists fear that the powers and capabilities of the state will be reduced due to globalization.

2. Leftists believe that this will harm the original culture of the country and will damage the traditional cultural values ​​of life.

3. Leftists believe that the state should maintain economic dependence and protectionism in the economic sphere.

 

 

Question.7 What is meant by democratic upsurges? How many upserges have been described in Indian political history?             2

Answer. Democratic Upsurge: Democratic upsurge means when the participation of the people in the democratic politics of a country means participation. So far three democratic upsurges have been described in the political history of India, which are as follows -

1. First Democratic Upsurge - This is considered to be the period from 1950s to 1970s and saw the increasing participation of adult suffrage.

2. Second Democratic Upsurge – This is considered to be the 1980s and saw the participation of SC/ST and OBCs.

3. Third Democratic Resurgence – This is considered to be the decade of the 1990s and saw youth participation and new economic policy (liberalisation, privatization and globalisation).

Question.8 What is the literal meaning of NDA? How many NDA governments have been formed so far?                                      2

Answer. NDA: It literally means National Democratic Alliance. NDA is an alliance of Bharatiya Janata Party and in this coalition government has been formed 4 times so far.

1. First National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government: From 1998 to 1999.

2. Second National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government: From 1999 to 2004.

3. Third National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government: From 2014 to 2019.

4. Fourth National Democratic Alliance (NDA) government: From the year 2019 till now.

 

(Section-B)

Question.9 On what grounds India can be considered as a prominent world power of the 21st century? Elaborate.                2

Answer. India has emerged as a fast emerging economy and political power in the 21st century. In view of these various influences of India, the following arguments can be given for India being considered as the new center of power -

1. India is one of the fastest growing economy of the world and has set its target of 5 trillion US dollar economy in India which makes it a powerful country.

2. India's military capability and its strategic power make it a new center of power. India also has nuclear power which makes it stand among the leading countries of the world.

3. The way India has led political forums at the global level in the 21st century, it has become clear that India's importance is increasing continuously at the international level.

4. India's youth population and abundance of resources also play an important role in making India a new center of power. India is one of the youngest countries in the world and has vast reserves of labor and skills.

Question.10 Describe the lessons of National emergency of 1975.2

Answer. On 25 June 1975, a national emergency was declared in India in the name of internal unrest. This emergency was in force in India for 18 months. We also learned some lessons from this emergency which are as follows -

1. During the Emergency, many such provisions were made which tried to weaken the democracy, but one lesson of the Emergency came to the fore that democracy can never end from India because everyone has faith in Indian democracy.

2. Many types of fundamental rights were suspended and suspended during the Emergency. The role of the judiciary for the protection and protection of fundamental rights increased and many types of civil rights protection organizations were also seen.

3. A word of emergency was also found that you would never impose emergency in the name of internal disturbance in India, instead the word armed rebellion was added to the constitution and it was also made mandatory that the written information of the Council of Ministers be given to the President. Only then will emergency be declared in India.

4. A problem was also found as a lesson of emergency that people need to be aware and should also be aware of the work of the government so that they can decide right and wrong and criticize. There was tremendous awareness among the people after the emergency.

Question. 11 In the given political map of India, four states have been marked as (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify these states on the basis of the information given below and write in your answer sheet their correct names along with the respective serial numbers of the information used and the officers concerned as per the format as follows-                                                                      4x1=4

(i) The state where the Left party won the 2004 Lok Sabha elections.

(ii) 1991 In which state former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated.

(iii) The state where the United Progressive Alliance won the 2004 Lok Sabha elections.

(iv) B.P. Mandal, the chairman of the Mandal Commission was related to which state.

 

Sr. Number of the Information used	Related Alphabet	Name of State
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)

Answer.

Sr. Number of the Information used	Related Alphabet	Name of State
(I)	A	TRIPURA
(II)	D	TAMILNADU
(III)	C	MANIPUR
(IV)	B	BIHAR

 

Note :- This question is only for Visually Impaired candidates.

Question.11(a) What is meant by non-congressism? Who gave this idea?                                                                                                     4

Answer. Non-Congressism: The phenomenon of other opposition political parties and leaders uniting in opposition to the Congress party was addressed as non-Congressism. All these opposing parties and leaders argued that the policies of the Congress party are against democracy and are not welfare for the common citizens and poor of India, so we all have to unite and oppose the Congress and come forward as an organized political party. you have to come.

Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia addressed this process of uniting all these political parties and leaders against the Congress party in the name of non-Congressism. All these opposition leaders and political parties argued that the Congress has to be removed to save democracy in India.

 

 

(Section-C)

Question.12 'Countries in South Asia mistrust each other. This prevents the region- from uniting and exerting its influence in international forums.' Give any two examples to support this statement and suggest measures to strengthen South Asia.     6

Answer. Under South Asia, these countries are included in India Nepal Bhutan Bangladesh Pakistan Sri Lanka Maldives and sometimes Myanmar and Afghanistan are also considered as part of it. The countries of South Asia trust each other and this statement is true, we can give the following arguments in favor of this statement –

1. There are border disputes between many countries of South Asia such as India-Pakistan India and Bangladesh etc.

2. Terrorist incidents on the border are also a factor of mistrust in the countries of South Asia and the role of Pakistan in this factor is considered to a great extent which reduces each other's trust.

3. There are also apprehensions about India in the small countries of South Asia because India is a big economy and in terms of military capability, India is much more developed than other countries from the South.

4. One of the factors of mistrust in the countries of South Asia is the interference of external powers of the world.

Measures to strengthen South Asia: Many efforts need to be done to strengthen South Asia, some of which are as follows –

1. The countries of South Asia will have to make efforts to establish peace by removing mutual differences.

2. Endeavor to eliminate cross-border terrorist incidents and cooperate with each other so that these terrorist activities can be eliminated and opportunities for development and peace can be increased.

3. To further strengthen South Asia, all these countries will have to increase trade activities among themselves and further sweeten various types of cultural and technological ties.

4. To strengthen South Asia, SAARC also has to be strengthened because it is an organization that provides opportunities for development to the countries of South Asia as well as does enough work to maintain peace and order.

OR

How can Russia be considered as a new centre of power in the 21St Century. Elaborate.                                                                                  6

Answer. At present, Russia has emerged as a new center of power. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia became the successor of the Soviet Union and Russia has also been declared the successor of the Soviet Union in the United Nations. In the 21st century, Russia has emerged as a new center of power on the following grounds-

1. Russia has immense reserves of natural resources. Russia is very rich in terms of mineral resources and natural gas reserves and due to these reserves Russia has become a powerful country in the world.

2. Russia has a huge stockpile of weapons, which includes all types of missiles and weapons of advanced and modern types. Russia is also the world's largest arms seller.

3. Russia is a permanent member in the UN Security Council and has veto power and Russia's nuclear power also makes it a new center of power.

4. The economy of Russia is one of the most developed economies in the world and its GDP rate is also very good which makes it stand among the powerful countries of the world.

5. At the international level, Russia has the ability to intervene in global affairs and the influence of Russia's talk is also clearly visible on global politics, due to which Russia has emerged as a new center of power.

6. Russia is the largest country in the world and the technical capability of Russia is also very developed.

Question.13 What are the major changes in Indian politics after 2014. Explain.                                                                                         6

answer. The Indian Democratic Alliance government was formed in 2014 and since then many changes have been seen in Indian politics. We can understand the major changes in Indian politics since 2014 as follows -

1. Since 2014, there has been a big change in Indian politics, now development and good governance have become a major issue in Indian politics and both these issues have become the entire focus of the government. The government is formulating and working on many schemes and policies for development and good governance.

2. After 2014, a change was also seen in Indian politics that the National Democratic Alliance under the leadership of Bharatiya Janata Party gave a slogan of Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas and after the formation of the government, to keep this slogan alive, the government has Made many plans and is making continuous efforts for their implementation. In Indian politics, now there is talk of ensuring the development of every section and work is also being done on that.

3. After 2014, an attempt has been made to eliminate caste based politics in Indian politics and efforts are being made to develop plans and work on them related to nation building, which is being considered as a big change.

4. Since 2014, the government has made many types of schemes, including Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana, Jan Dhan Yojana, Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana, Kisan Fasal Bima Yojana, Beti Padhao Beti Bachao Yojana, Ayushman Bharat Yojana etc. The sole purpose of these schemes is to make all round development of India and to reach development opportunities to every citizen of India.

5. After 2014, we have also seen that there has been a tremendous promotion of nationalism in Indian politics.

OR

Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan is known for which of his three major contributions? Elaborate.                                               3x2=6

answer. Jayaprakash Narayan is also known as Loknayak. Jayaprakash Narayan was a prominent Gandhian leader and he did not resort to violence in any of his movements and followed the path of non-violence and did many types of movements. Three of the major contributions made by Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan to Indian politics are as follows-

1. Struggle against corruption - Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan led the movement against corruption in Bihar on the request of the students and played his role in making it a nationwide movement. Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan provided leadership to the students of Bihar and Gujarat for the movement in a non-violent way and fiercely opposed corruption.

2. Theory of Community Socialism - Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan is also remembered for the theory of community socialism given by him. Jayaprakash Narayan believed that a country is reflected in the three-tier form of community, region and nation. Jayaprakash Narayan ji believed that India is a community of communities and this is the real reality.

3. Theory of Total Revolution - Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ji is also known for the theory of complete or total revolution seen by him. Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ji believed that revolution should not be limited to the political field only, but there is a need for change in every field i.e. revolution, moral, cultural, economic, political. Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ji believed that the origin of every kind of revolution is the person who is also the head of every kind of change in India.